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Virtualization

Virtualization. Illusion. History of Computing = History of Virtualization e.g., process abstraction, virtual memory, cache memory, virtual machine, simultaneous multithreading (SMT),…(the list goes on). Virtualization Example: Process abstraction.

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Virtualization

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  1. Virtualization Illusion History of Computing = History of Virtualization • e.g., process abstraction, virtual memory, cache memory, virtual machine, simultaneous multithreading (SMT),…(the list goes on)

  2. Virtualization Example: Process abstraction Source: http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/die_photos/21164.gif CPU Time Multiplexing of physical CPU within the operating system (OS) using timer circuit/interrupt + = CPU CPU Single physical CPU Multiple logical CPUs

  3. Virtualization Example: Virtual Memory Dedicated (virtual) Memory for each process + = Hard Disk DRAM

  4. Two Aspects of Virtualization • Functionality • Hardware: MMU (memory management unit) and exception mechanism (“page fault”) • Software: virtual memory management routines based on page tables, one for each process, in the operating system (OS) • Performance • Optimizing regular memory references • Temporal locality (locality in time) • If an item is referenced, it will tend to be referenced again soon. • Spatial locality (locality in space) • If an item is referenced, items whose addresses are close by will tend to be referenced soon. • Optimizing page table references • TLB (Translation Look-aside Buffer)

  5. Typical Workload Pattern Source: Glass & Cao (1997 ACM SIGMETRICS)

  6. Virtualization Example: Cache Memory New Memory Technology (Performance: SRAM) (Cost: DRAM) + = SRAM DRAM

  7. Virtualization Example: Virtual Machine Thin software layer below operating system Linux Windows XP = + . . . e.g., VMware, VirtualPC, Connectix Virtual PC

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