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Prokaryotes: Shapes, Reproduction, Nutrition, and Applications

Learn about the diverse characteristics of prokaryotes, from their shapes and modes of reproduction to their unique nutritional strategies. Explore their sticky capsules for protection, genetic recombination, endospores, and societal impact. Discover how prokaryotes play crucial roles in ecosystems and industries.

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Prokaryotes: Shapes, Reproduction, Nutrition, and Applications

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  1. Chapter 27a Prokaryotes

  2. Most are unicellular • 3 common shapes - - -

  3. Facts and Applications

  4. Outside of prokaryotes • Sticky capsules around cell walls for protection and adherence in colonies, surface appendages called pili. • Most are motile: • Flagella • Corkscrew movement of spirochetes • Secrete slimly chemicals and glide Taxis: movement toward or away from a stimulus ___________: toward chemical stimuli (food) ___________: away from toxins

  5. Reproduction • Reproduce __________ by __________ ___________. • Genetic recombination: • ________: uptake of genes from surrounding envionment • ________: genes transferred between cells • ________: genes transferred between bacteria and viruses

  6. Endospores • Some bacteria form resistant endospores which are a chromosome copy and durable wall. These endospores can survive lack of nutrients/water, heat (boiling water), cold, poisions, etc. • Home canners kill endospores by using a ____________, biologists use an _____________.

  7. Modes of nutrition • _________: photosynthetic: use light and CO2 to make organic compounds • _________: use inorganic compounds and CO2 for energy (ex. Sulfolobusarchaea oxidize sulfur) • _________: use light and consumed organic molecules • _________: consume organic molecules for energy and carbon • Most prokaryotes are __________________. • Saprobes: • Parasites:

  8. Science and Society • Most food serves some kind of bacteria, even ________________ and _____________. Synthetic compounds that can’t be broken down by chemoheterotrophs are called __________________________. • Nitrogen cycle:

  9. TO BE CONTINUED!!

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