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Understanding NIC Parameters and IP Address Classes in Networking

Chapter 10 explores essential networking concepts, focusing on typical Network Interface Card (NIC) parameters such as IRQ, Base I/O Port Address, and Base Memory Address. It also covers networking components like clients, adapters, protocols, and services associated with Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Key topics include dynamic IP address services, email protocols (POP3 & SMTP), and the structure of IP addresses using octets. The chapter further elaborates on IP address classes A, B, and C, their subnet masks, and their respective uses in different network sizes.

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Understanding NIC Parameters and IP Address Classes in Networking

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  1. Chapter 10Networks Software Configuration

  2. Typical NIC Parameters • IRQ • 5 • also 3, 4, 10 or 11 • Base I/P Port Address • 300h • also 210h or 220h • Base Memory Address • D000h • also C800h

  3. Networking Components • Client • Adapter • Protocol • Service

  4. Network Resource Path • \\computer_name\share_name • Examples: • Printer \\EVAN\HP895cxi • Drive \\EVAN\C • Folder \\EVAN\Downloads

  5. Networking Hardware

  6. Services Provided by ISPs • Dynamic IP address service • Email services • POP3 & SMTP servers • Internet news services • USENET archive servers • Internet routing services • DNS servers

  7. IP Addresses • 8-bit fields (octets) separated by dots (.) • xxx.yyy.zzz.aaa • Each octet holds a value from 0 to 255 • Binary • 10000111.10001011.01001001.00110110 • Decimal • 135.139.73.54 (135.139.073.054)

  8. IP Address Classes • CLASS A • 001.x.y.z to 126.x.y.z • Subnet mask - 255.0.0.0 • 126 networks with up to 17 million nodes • Reserved for the largest networks • 127.x.y.z is owned by the U.S. government for essential Internet support and maintenance hosts • 127.0.0.1 is reserved for testing the bus on the local system

  9. IP Address Classes (cont.) • CLASS B • 128.0.y.z to 191.254.y.z • Subnet mask - 255.255.0.0 • 16,384 networks with up to 65,534 nodes • Reserved for medium sized networks

  10. IP Address Classes (cont.) • CLASS C • 192.x.y.z to 223.254.254.z • Subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 • 2,097,152 networks with up to 254 nodes • Used by smaller networks • 192.168.0.z is reserved for use by local Intranets (i.e. small LANs not visible to or part of the Internet network)

  11. Defining Host and Domain Addresses CLASSNetwork AddressHost Address A w x.y.z B w.x y.z C w.x.y z

  12. Top-Level Domains • .com = Commercial businesses • .edu = Educational institutions • .gov = Government agencies • .mil = Military establishments • .net = Networking organizations • .org = Nonprofit organizations

  13. Requirements for E-mail • Dial-in number (if using a modem) • Account name / User name • Password • POP3 server address • SMTP server address

  14. The TRACERT TCP/IP Utility

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