Methods general field methods and energetics

1. Methodsgeneral field methods and energetics • Capture methods • Marking Field Animals • Body Measurements • Telemetry

2. Small mammals: Tomahawk Sherman Capture Methods Two most common traps: Pitfall

3. Tomahawk traps Snap traps Darting Capture Methods Larger mammals: Box trap Snare

4. Cannon net Capture Methods Birds: Walk-in trap Mist net Raptor Trap

5. Capture Methods Reptiles: Hoop Net (aquatic reptiles and fish) Pit trap Noose capture

6. Capture Methods amphibians: Pit traps Noose capture Net (aquatic) Mostly, you just walk up to them and pick them up

7. Ear clipping Marking Field Animals mammals pit tags Ear tags birds Leg bands Toe clipping Reptiles Amphibians Small mammals

8. Tarsus Birds Most Mammals Keel Turtles: carapace width Most Reptiles Snout-vent length Tail length ± Body length Body Measures Body Size = some measure of skeletal size WHY? Body Weight = mass in mg, g, kgs

9. Mass by Body Size 36 34 32 30 Mass (g) 28 26 24 22 20 18 19 20 21 22 23 Keel 1. Body Condition Index • Body condition is a measure of the energetic content of a given body size • Generally two ways to evaluate it: B) Calculate Body Condition Index Graph against another trait • Graph mass by body size • evaluate residuals Body condition index = body mass/body size

10. Snout-vent Length weight Alligators in the Everglades

11. 2. Fluctuating Asymmetry • Measure the symmetry of left and right body parts • Animals strive for symmetry • The level of asymmetry in a population is supposed to be indicative of a stressful environment during development

12. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

13. Radiotelemetry 3 strategies

14. Snow Storm, May 2002 SNOW HIGH WINDS A) Presence/Absence--automated Antenna Solar panel Battery Receiver Data logger

15. 900 700 % change in activity range 500 300 100 0 -100 CORT implant blank implant treatment B) Manual Localization Example: CORT in sparrows

16. C) Multi-tower localization--automated State of the Art Telemetry project Barro Colorado Island, Panama Martin Wikelski, Director of Max Planck Institute for Ornithology http://www.princeton.edu/~wikelski/

17. localization C) Multi-tower localization--automated overview antenna Heart rate

18. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

19. Satellite Telemetry

20. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

21. Biotelemetry Weddell Seal Work in the Antarctic

22. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

23. Methodsgeneral field methods and energetics • Capture methods • Marking Field Animals • Body Measurements • Telemetry