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The Latin West 1200-1500

Rural Growth and Crisis. . Peasants and Population. Society was divided by class and genderMost western Europeans were serfsSerfs gave over half to their lordsBoth men and women worked. . Europe's population doubled between 1100 and 1345No epidemic diseaseWarmer weatherThree field system grew

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The Latin West 1200-1500

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    1. The Latin West 1200-1500 Chapter 14

    2. Rural Growth and Crisis

    3. Peasants and Population Society was divided by class and gender Most western Europeans were serfs Serfs gave over half to their lords Both men and women worked

    4. Europe’s population doubled between 1100 and 1345 No epidemic disease Warmer weather Three field system grew more food Higher populations forced people to farm in unfavorable locations By 1300, the life expectancy was from 30 to 35 years old

    5. The Black Death and Social Change The plague came from Asia in 1346 Resolved the problem of over population Killed 1/3 of the population People realized life was short Some became religious Some practiced reckless enjoyment http://college.cengage.com/history/research_companion/maps/world/bullietteaip3e/index.html

    6. Skilled laborers that remained, demanded higher pay They could do that, because there were fewer people with those skills Peasants revolted when the rich tried to freeze salaries

    7. Serfdom ended Some paid for their freedom Others ran away The animals didn’t die Draft animals did some of the work the serfs had done The human population decreased, allowing more people to eat meat and own leather goods

    8. Mines and Mills New technologies before 1500 Mills Used to grind grain and flour, saw logs, crush olives, and make paper Run by wind or using water wheels Used in iron production Mines New and improved mines Iron, silver, lead and copper

    9. The effects of industrialization Old cities grew larger New cities were built Increase in rock quarries Pollution from humans, slaughterhouses, mines and tanneries Depletion of forests due to increased building and use in furnaces

    10. Urban Revival

    11. Trading Cities Most trade was localized Sea ports grew due to trade Italian ports grew due to the western spread of the Mongol Empire Opened trade to China Marco Polo’s stories helped cause an increased demand for Asian goods

    12. Hanseatic League Group of trading cities along the Northern coasts of Europe Overland traders met at Champagne in France Competition led to the spread of manufacturing New ideas in cloth manufacturing increased the quality and availability of cloth and reduced the prices

    13. Civic Life Many trading cities were autonomous They became a haven for people seeking freedom Most Jews lived in cities Faced persecution, especially in times of trouble

    14. Guilds formed in cities Associations of craft specialists Set prices and quality standards Women Some became skilled workers Some advanced in society through marriage

    15. New class of wealthy bankers The Latin Church condemned usury (charging interest) Jews were not held by these laws and were successful bankers Most people in Western Europe were without running water and baths Though the Roman Empire had had them

    16. Gothic Cathedrals First appeared in France, 1140 Pointed gothic arch Flying buttresses Stained glass Towers and spires

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