Order and Disorder

1. Order and Disorder • Organization and order, • Pollution as a disordering energy, • War, revolutions, terrorism • Wastes and Recycling

2. Investigations into the Nature of Systems Where does disorder fit in an otherwise orderly Universe?

3. All Systems Balance Order and Disorder…

4. A source of potential energy is required to build and maintain order…

5. Sources driving the production of order might be called “Ordering Energies” Ordering Energy

6. Ordering Energiesare often a suite of energies…

7. The suite of ordering energy can be thought of as anenergy signature… Systems have an ENERGY SIGNATURE,,,

8. Each ordering energy has a characteristic frequency and amplitude…

9. Combined the signature of frequencies and amplitudes might look like this…

10. An Ordering Energy outside the normal of magnitude might be called aDISORDERING PULSE…

11. The pulsed disordering energy is often called a disaster… Hurricane Flood Tornado EarthQuake Forest Fire

12. So…we might definePulse Disordering Energyas an energy source whose frequency and magnitude is greater than that to which a system is adapted. Fire War “Frenzied Consumption”

13. Pulse Disordering Energy A driving energy whose re-occurrence is outside the “normal range” of driving energy and whose magnitude is greater than the normal … Occurs once in a while, but when it does… Magnitude of the pulse determines its dis-ordering influence…

14. Maybe… Systems adapt to pulses that reoccur at frequencies that are smaller than the turnover time of their structure… …in other words, additional energy is invested in structure (making it stronger or more resilient) only if its cheaper to do this, rather than replace the structure every once in a while… 20 years 50 years

15. Adapting to Disorder… Adaptation may take the form of marshaling forces to repair and reorganize after a pulse disorder…”Attracting” additional ordering energy from outside. In reality…a pulse disorder at one scale may be normal at the next larger scale.

16. Why “Attract Ordering Energies?

17. Emergy Evaluation of Order / Disorder

18. …The ordering energies during the time of the disorder.

19. The ratio of ordering flux to the disordering pulse…

20. The attracted ordering emergy as a result of the disorder…

21. “Bang for your buck”…the effectiveness of the disordering pulse

23. The IRAQ war as a Benefit/Cost calculation

24. To recycle or not to recycle…that is the question.

25. Emergy Evaluations of Material Systems and Recycle Options

26. Recycle of waste products follows one of three pathways...

27. Scope of the Study • Study focuses on recycling patterns of major building materials. • For each major material, three different patterns of building material cycles were evaluated: • 1. emergy of manufacture from “raw resources,” • 2. emergy of demolition, and • 3. emergy of recycle. • In addition, the emergy costs of “landfilling” of materials were also evaluated.

28. Materials Evaluated Building Material Use as Finish Use as Structure Cement mortar -- Concrete pavement column or beam Masonry clay tile clay brick Ferrous metal wall panel column or beam Non-ferrous metal aluminum sheet column or bean Wood plywood post or beam Plastics vinyl floor plastic lumber Glass ceramic tile --

29. Emergy Analysis of Recycle Options 4 MATERIAL CYCLES EVALUATED • Standard material cycle • Standard cycle with RECYCLE • By-product use • Adaptive reuse

30. Standard material cycle...

31. Standard cycle with RECYCLE...

32. By-product use ….

33. Adaptive reuse...

34. Recycle Indices • Performance and Efficiency Ratios • Recycle Benefit Ratio (RBR) • Recycle Yield Ratio (RYR) • Landfill to Recycle Ratio (LRR) • Recycle Efficiency Ratio (RER)

35. Recycle Indices Recycle Benefit Ratio (RBR)– the ratio of emergy used in providing a material from raw resources (A1) to the emergy used in recycle (F).

36. Recycle Indices Recycle Yield Ratio (RYR) – The ratio of emergy in recycled material (E2) to emergy used for recycle (F).

37. Recycle Indices Landfill to Recycle Ratio (LRR) – The ratio of emergy required for landfilling a material (C1) to the emergy required for recycle (F).

38. Recycle Indices Recycle Efficiency Ratio (RER)– The ratio of material and energy conserved when recycled materials are used to the emergy required for recycle.

39. Recycle ratios RBR = A1/F2 RYR = Y/F2 LBR = F1/F2 RER = (R1+A1+B1+F1)- (R2+A2+B2+F2)/F2

40. Emergy Intensity of Solid Waste Collection & Disposal

43. Conclusions - materials and material quality 1.Emergy per mass may be a good indicator of recycle-ability. 2.The emprice (emergy received for money spent) is highest for primary building materials and lowest for materials that contain more human services. 3.Quality and versatility of a material are related to emergy per mass. The larger the emergy per mass, the more valuable and versatile the product and the greater the potential for recycle. 4.The emergy yield ratio (EYR) may provide important information regarding recycle-ability. 5.Price, expressed as mass per dollar is inverse to the amount of human service inputs to a material’s production.

44. Conclusions - Recycling Patterns 1. Materials that have large refining costs have greatest potential for high recycle benefits. 2. The highest benefits to society appear to accrue from material recycle systems, followed by adaptive reuse systems, and finally by by-product reuse systems. 3.The landfill recycle ratios for all the material recycle systems studied, with the exception of glass, were less than one. This may result from the fact that environmental impacts of landfilling were not evaluated. 4.The yields from recycling are extremely high, far greater than the yields that society obtains from energy sources indicating the very important contributions that effective recycling systems will have in the long run.