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441 Chem

441 Chem. CH-1. Introduction to Spectroscopy. Introduction to Spectroscopy. Set of methods where interaction of electromagnetic radiation with chemical molecules. Electromagnetic Radiation. = Frequency of Radiation (Hertz or S -1 ) l = Wave Length (cm ) V = Wave Number (cm -1 )

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441 Chem

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  1. 441 Chem CH-1 • Introduction to Spectroscopy

  2. Introduction to Spectroscopy Set of methods where interaction of electromagnetic radiation with chemical molecules. Electromagnetic Radiation • = Frequency of Radiation (Hertz or S-1) • l= Wave Length (cm) • V = Wave Number (cm-1) • C = Velocity of light (constant) = 3 x 1010 cm/sec

  3. The energy of quantum: h (Planck's constant) = 6.62 x 10-27 (Erg/sec)

  4. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Frequency (n) high low high low Energy MICRO- WAVE X-RAY ULTRAVIOLET INFRARED RADIO FREQUENCY Nuclear magnetic resonance Vibrational infrared Visible Ultraviolet 2.5 mm 15 mm 1 m 5 m 200 nm 400 nm 800 nm BLUE RED Wavelength (l) short long

  5. Internal Energy of Molecules: Etotal= Eelec+Evib+Erot Eelec: Electronic transitions Evib: Vibrational transitions Erot: Rotational transitions The Excitation process

  6. 1.0 Absorbance 0.0 200 800 400 Wavelength,  • Type of Spectroscopy: • 1- Emission Spectroscopy • 2- Absorption Spectroscopy Absorption Spectroscopy

  7. Types of Energy Transitions in Each Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum REGION ENERGY TRANSITIONS X-ray Bond-breaking Electronic UV/Visible Infrared Vibrational Microwave Rotational • Nuclear and Electronic Spin RadioFrequency

  8. Summary of Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry

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