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使用 pexpect 实现命令行自动化测试

使用 pexpect 实现命令行自动化测试. 徐荣中 2015-03-06 Email ： xurongzhong#126.com 个人博客： http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog 微博： http://weibo.com/cizhenshi 一览社群： 679983 qq 群： 241450660 实地交流地址： http://www.yl1001.com/group_article/5191422951800241.htm. 一、分享内容概述. 介绍 安装 快速入门 EOF 和 TIMEOUT 类介绍 实例.

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使用 pexpect 实现命令行自动化测试

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  1. 使用pexpect实现命令行自动化测试 徐荣中 2015-03-06 Email：xurongzhong#126.com 个人博客：http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog 微博：http://weibo.com/cizhenshi 一览社群：679983 qq群：241450660 实地交流地址：http://www.yl1001.com/group_article/5191422951800241.htm

  2. 一、分享内容概述 • 介绍 • 安装 • 快速入门 • EOF和TIMEOUT • 类介绍 • 实例

  3. Pexpect介绍 • Pexpect allows easy control of interactive console applications. • Pexpect is a pure Python module for spawning child applications; controlling them; and responding to expected patterns in their output. Pexpect works like Don Libes’ Expect. Pexpect allows your script to spawn a child application and control it as if a human were typing commands. • Pexpect can be used for automating interactive applications such as ssh, ftp, passwd, telnet, etc. It can be used to a automate setup scripts for duplicating software package installations on different servers. It can be used for automated software testing. • It should work on any platform that supports the standard Python pty module. The Pexpect interface was designed to be easy to use. 参考资料： https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pexpect

  4. Pexpect安装 • pip install pexpect 或 easy_install pexpect • 要求： • This version of Pexpect(3.3) requires Python 2.6 or 3.2 or above. • Pexpect only works on POSIX systems, where the pty module is present in the standard library. It may be possible to run it on Windows using Cygwin. 参考资料： http://pexpect.readthedocs.org/en/latest/install.html

  5. Pexpect快速入门 • import pexpect • child = pexpect.spawn('ftp ftp.openbsd.org') • child.expect('Name .*: ') • child.sendline('anonymous') • child.expect('Password:') • child.sendline('http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com') • child.expect('ftp> ') • child.sendline('lcd /tmp') • child.expect('ftp> ') • child.sendline('cd pub/OpenBSD') • child.expect('ftp> ') • child.sendline('get README') • child.expect('ftp> ') • child.sendline('bye') • 两个重要方法： expect() and send() (or sendline() ) • 信息输出：before 包含预期字符串之前的信息，after包含匹配模式。 参考资料： http://pexpect.readthedocs.org/en/latest/overview.html

  6. 常量EOF和TIMEOUT • End Of File (EOF)：子进程退出时会生成EOF异常。相关信息存储在before中。 • child.expect('password:') • child.sendline(my_secret_password) • # We expect any of these three patterns... • i = child.expect (['Permission denied', 'Terminal type', '[#\$] ']) • if i==0: • print('Permission denied on host. Can't login') • child.kill(0) • elif i==2: • print('Login OK... need to send terminal type.') • child.sendline('vt100') • child.expect('[#\$] ') • elif i==3: • print('Login OK.') • print('Shell command prompt', child.after) • Timeout condition (TIMEOUT)：默认为30秒，超时时生成TIMEOUT异常。 • # Wait no more than 2 minutes (120 seconds) for password prompt. • child.expect('password:', timeout=120) 参考资料： http://pexpect.readthedocs.org/en/latest/overview.html

  7. 类介绍 • 核心类。 • spawn ：This is the main class interface for Pexpect. Use this class to start and control child applications. • run function：This function runs the given command; waits for it to finish; then returns all output as a string. • Exceptions：pexpect.EOF pexpect.TIMEOUT pexpect.ExceptionPexpect • Utility functions：pexpect.which pexpect.split_command_line • fdpexpect ：增加了文件支持 • Replwrap：处理交互式shell • Pxssh：控制ssh。 • screen ：ANSI终端仿真 • ANSI：ANSI (VT100)终端仿真 参考资料： http://pexpect.readthedocs.org/en/latest/api/index.html

  8. 实例 • 官方实例 • topip.py：This runs netstat on a local or remote server. • hive.py：This script creates SSH connections to a list of hosts that you provide. • script.py：This implements a command similar to the classic BSD “script” command • ftp.py：This demonstrates an FTP “bookmark”. • monitor.py：This runs a sequence of commands on a remote host using SSH. • passmass.py：This will login to each given server and change the password of the given user. • python.py：This starts the python interpreter and prints the greeting message backwards. • ssh_tunnel.py: This starts an SSH tunnel to a remote machine. • uptime.py: This will run the uptime command and parse the output into variables. • 其他实例： • linux 的yum • 某搜索引擎监控脚本 • 使用python远程操作linux服务器 ：http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog/python_code_linux_control 参考资料： http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pexpect2/ http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pexpect1/

  9. Q & A

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