Prof.Aux. Msc.Ing. Jorge Arcos Méndez Teléfono en GREDES 267 1123

1. Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría TRAINING COURSE MCRR (Management Centers forRiskReduction) EXPERIENCE OF THE CUBAN MODEL “Putting science in everyday language, here is something only few do” José Martí EXERCISE WORK OF MCRR IN PLANNING MEASURES FOR PREVENTION. Prof.Aux. Msc.Ing. Jorge Arcos Méndez Teléfono en GREDES 267 1123 Prof.Aux. Msc.Ing. Emilia Fors Garzón. E Mail: efors@arquitectura.cujae.edu.cu

2. OBJETIVES OF THE EXERCISE Modeling a situation of disaster by hurricane or heavy rain. Proposing preventive measures for disaster reduction in the MCRR in the territory, that promote climatic change adaptation and population sustainability. • STARTING DATA • Territoryplanning • Information of thetypology of buildings and itsconstructiveconditions. • Scale of estimateddangerstobuildingbyhurricanecategory. • Data table of population and affectedareas. • Hurricanecategorytable • Floodingmap • Classification of natural hazards • BIBLIOGRAPHY : Classification of floodingassumedby GREDES fordifferentdisasterstudies. ARCOS COCA tableforhazardclassficationduetowinds, differentsources of Internet downloadedby Jorge Arcos aboutdamagesbyflooding and winds in Puerto Rico. Typology of Cuban buildings. Description of Cuban urbantypologies.

3. CONTENT OF THE EXERCISE Modeling the effects of winds of a II category Hurricane in Entre RíosCommunity. Modeling the effects of flooding by heavy rains of up to 158mm in 24 hours in a Residential Neighborhood • OUTPUT DATA • Preventivemeasuresforrehabilitation of thebuiltfund. • Number of buildingsproposedforimrovingitsconstructiveconditions. • Number of buildingsproposedforchangingitsconstructivetypology. • Preventivemeasures in constructing protector worksforreducingriverfloodingarea • Preventivemeasuresforurbanplanning.

4. Classification of hazardby tropical cyclones Considering the effect of winds on structural elements of the territory.

5. Classification of hazardby heavy rains Considering the flooding caused by tropical cyclones and local storms on the urban area. The degree of risk is given by the high water runoff that occurs in urban areas and that causes great accumulation of water into the river.

6. Classificationof hazardsbyflooding. Considering the infraestructure of the urbanized area and the coefficients of water runoff in this case Lámina 24 horas.

7. Classification of hazardbytheheightof flooding. • Moderatefloodings • of height of 0.91m to 1.80m • Can cause damagestohumanlife. • Can cause damages in non-structuralelements of buildings of I to III typology. • Can cause structuraldamages in buildings of IV to VI typology. • Disruptionontheaccesses and can cause damagestostructuralelementsonhighways. • Extreme floodings • of heightover1.80m • Can cause damagestohumanlife. • Can cause damages in non-structuralelements of buildings of I to III typology. • Can cause structuraldamages in buildings of IV to VI typology. • Disruptionontheaccesses and can cause damagestostructuralelementsonhighways.

8. Characterizationof floodingstream Considering the topography

9. Classification of hazardbyfloodingstreamspeed • Slow Stream flooding • Speed less than: • 0.9 m/seg. = 3 pies/seg. = 3.3 km/h, • Do not cause serious damages to the structure • Dangerous to human security • Speed of: • 0.6 m/seg. = 2 pies/seg. = 2.2 km/h • Sandy soil erosion Fast Stream flooding • Speed less than: • 1.5 m/seg. = 5 pies/seg. = 5.5 km/h • Cause severe damages by soil erosion.

10. TYPOLOGIES OF BUILDINGS

11. URBAN TYPOLOGY OF ENTRE RÍOS COMMUNITY • Urbanplotbuiltby blocks • Thebuildings are developed in depthusually in the block perimeter. • Presence of wallbetweenbuildings • Constructiontypologypredominantly of woods, masonry, brick or block either. • Sloping roofs with French tiles, of fiber cement and combined with armed concrete and bricks. • Storm drainagewithfittedorsurfaceddrainpipes in facades. • Averageheight of thebuildingsalmostequal

12. URBAN TYPOLOGY IN A RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD • Urbanplotconstituted byblocks in a semi compact urbanization • Thebuildings are developed in depth in frontto back in the block perimeterbutnotnecessarlyin itsedge • Perimeter aisles of buildings of 0.75 m and more • Dominating the front gardens of 3 to 5m. • Sidewalks with grass and trees • Surfaced Storm drainage and underground waste disposal and underground tanks. • Unevenheight of buildings.

13. Left Right Left ENE Before During S After Characteristicsof hazardtropical cycloneusedformodeling For the modeling a case of a III Cat. Hurricane at Saffir-Simpson scale , it is assumed the historical worst trajectory of natural events, south-north at left of the community under analysis .. From the convention drawn up by GREDES ‘ specialists for wind direction and trajectories used in studies of GREDES. Accompanied by heavy rainfall over 150 mm that, coinciding with the wettest months, finds a saturated soil, making it more dangerous

14. Preventivemeasuresto reduce vulnerabilitytotheeffects of heavy winds IMPORTANT NOTE: The effects caused by hurricane winds are regional, with dimensions over the territory choosen for the study.

15. h ≥ 25m 0.6h 0.6h SCENARIO OF HAZARD ENTRE RÍOS COMMUNITY Direction of thewinds NE - ENE Direction of the winds N Before NE-ENE ENTRE RÍOS COMMUNITY During P SB ESE-SE Details of urban plot After SSE-S Medical consulting Policlinic Schools The periphery highlighted in red has a different treatment to the center zone for modeling wind direction, The total length of the periphery of the community affected is 2km. Leyenda Direction of theWinds SSE - S Historial Center 15 New development

16. From the total of affected buildings by the Modelated Hurricane, 80% are in perifery blocks in the probable direction of winds and they are not protected by the density of the urban plot and its regular average height of nor more than 10 m. Direction of the wind NE-ENE Details of the effects on the urban plot with winds of NE-ENE Block periphery Effect of suction on the cellings Direction of the wind ENE-E Interior Blocks Effect of pressure over the facades Details of the effects on urban plot by winds ENE-E The rest of the affected buildings are within the urban plot, where the effects of the wind are on the roofs. The effects are only on the facades when the direction of the winds coincides with street axys causing suction force in facades.

17. From the results of the studies to the community buildings there are obtained the probable damages by type and construction conditions that can cause various hurricane categories. The buildings exposed to a likely total damage correspond to the building typologies IV, V, and VI, the rest of the buildings with construction typologies III, II may suffer partial damages. • Consideringtheeffects of the load of windsthat are producedaccordingto: • Topography of the place • Winddirectiontakingintoaccountthetrajectory of thehurricane • Typology and structure of theurbanplot • Location of buildingswithintheurbanplot. • Typology and constructionconditions of buildings

18. The following table shows the data of the affected population liable to be evacuated, by total or partial damages, and that will require a temporary housing until the damage is restored Reserve areas that should be used for temporary housing for emergency or progressive rate, by planning, are about 42m2 to 69m2, to each house, of an 80% approximately that may suffer total damages, totaling 2.769 houses equal to an area of 116,298m2 a 191,061m2 or 12ha to 19ha.

19. Vulnerabilities of thebuildingfundtothehazard of Tropical Cyclones The levels of vulnerability are refered to the urban scale and are related to the perimetral block that are affected by the effects of winds not only in the roofs but also in the facades

20. Evaluation of thebuiltfundRiskbythehazard of tropical cyclones Matrix for Risk evaluation of the Community. (proposal) Risk LOW (Acceptable) Risk MEDIUM (Reducible) Measures for reducing risk Risk HIGH (Reducible) Risk VERY HIGH (Unacceptable) Risk values and ranges depending on the economical posibilities for reconstruction and response.

21. P SB P SB Medical consulting Policlinic ENTRE RÍOS COMMUNITY Leyend Historical Center New development

22. Analysis of theproposalsforurbanplanningdueto III Cat. HurricaneDamages. ENTRE RÍOS COMMUNITY

23. Preventivemeasuresforreducingvulnerabilitiestofloodingby heavy rains IMPORTANT NOTE: RAINS, UNLIKE HURRICANES, HAVE SPECIFIC EFFECTS, therefore the analysis of vulnerability of flooding by heavy rains, (unlike the vulnerability by strong winds that can be done by general statistics of the conditions of the buildings in the territory) IS ONLY CIRCUNSCRIED TO THE BLOCKS WITHIN THE FLOODING MAPS AND TO THOSE THAT ARE LOCATED IN LOW AREAS, and not for the entire territory that covers a particular political division.

24. Modeling of theeffects of floodingby heavy rains. Área of analysis RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD

25. 360m Blocks highlighted in red are the location of buildings with IV, V, and VI typologies

28. From the results of the studies to buildings by typology and construction conditions can be assumed the probable damages of buildings located in flooding levels 2 and 3. In the first level of flooding, there are only affected small areas of short-cycle crops. The buildings exposed to a likely total damage correspond to those of IV, V, and VI typologies, due to the construction materials used in roofs and walls not suitable to cases of flooding levels exceeding the strut. The rest of the buildings with I, II and III typologies may be considered to suffer damages in their non-structural elements and its functional vulnerability

29. Buildings affected by flooding effects. • The impact due to flooding depends on: • Topography, slope, soil type • Degree of saturation of the soil • Characteristics of the river • Type and structure of the urban plot • Location of the building within the urban plot • Typology and physical conditions of the buildings

30. In the following table, there are shown the data of affected population by total or partial damages, or just for being the houses located in places under more than 1m water, this population has to be evacuated and is susceptible to continue evacuated until minimum living conditions are restored. As it can be appreciated , evacuation is not only carried out to the population or economical activities in buildings with vulnerable construction typologies , but also the entire population or economical functions in buildings that, for the level of the water, should not stay in the site.

31. Vulnerabilities of thebuildingfundbyfloodinghazard Vulnerability levels are referred to the affected blocks according to the different maps of flooding, and also to materials of construction of the walls and ceilings and the physical condition of the buildings within those flooding maps.

32. Evaluation of theRisk of thebuiltfundtohazardsbyflooding Matrix for risk evaluation by flooding in a residential neighborhood Risk LOW (Acceptable) Risk MEDIUM (Reducible) Risk classification Risk HIGH (Reducible) Risk VERY HIGH (Unacceptable) The values ​​and range of the risk depend on the economic possibilities for reconstruction and response. It is up to local governments with the consulting of working groups of the territory for the realization of the study.