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Documented & Organized by: Dr. Tahany Al-baiz@2009

Instructional Technology. Documented & Organized by: Dr. Tahany Al-baiz@2009. Dr.Tahany@2009. WHAT EXACTLY IS INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY? Design, development, implementation, and management of instructional methods and resources to improve learning and teaching. Dr.Tahany@2009.

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Documented & Organized by: Dr. Tahany Al-baiz@2009

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  1. Instructional Technology Documented & Organized by: Dr. Tahany Al-baiz@2009 Dr.Tahany@2009

  2. WHAT EXACTLY IS INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY? Design, development, implementation, and management of instructional methods and resources to improve learning and teaching. Dr.Tahany@2009

  3. The Cone of Experience (1946) was the most important contribution of Edgar Dale in field of IT.. The divisions based on extreme two points: direct experience and pure abstraction Dr.Tahany@2009

  4. Supports communication process because it makes communication depending on not only just words but also visual and experiential ways. Dr.Tahany@2009

  5. Diversity of sensory experiences…. our experiences are not completely relied on visual or verbal symbols. Other concerns of our perception systems must be considered, such as direct experience, touching, sensing Dr.Tahany@2009

  6. The cone also fosters diversity in learning environment: Dr.Tahany@2009

  7. Dale’s Cone of Experience Using Symbols.charts • Verbal symbols • Visual symbols • Still pictures, Audio tools • Motion pictures..Television • Exhibits • Field trips • Demonstrations • Dramatized experiences • Contrived experiences • Direct experiences Observations only Active Participation Dr.Tahany@2009

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  9. Does the Cone of Experience overemphasize instructional devices (the media of communication) at the expense of subject matter (the message to be communicated)? Actually, use of the Cone may lead to an enhancement of our subject matter presentation…. help us to choose the instructional materials that are most appropriate for the particular topic we wish to teach. Dr.Tahany@2009

  10. Are the upper levels of the Cone for the older student and the lower ones for the child? It is true that the older a person is, the more abstract his concepts are likely to be.,. .An older student does not live exclusively in the world of his abstract concepts A child does not live only through the impressions of his senses The nature and complexity of concepts themselves Dr.Tahany@2009

  11. Even the most advanced student, therefore, can deepen his understanding of concepts and his enjoyment of life by participating in experiences all along the Cone. … The Cone of Experience stands for activities that are available, in varying degrees, to learners in all age groups. Dr.Tahany@2009

  12. Does the Cone device mean that all teaching and learning must move systematically from base to pinnacle? Young children use many simple abstractions-verbal symbols. Before entering school they have mastered the meanings of at least 2500 words, or verbal symbols, each one of which is an abstraction. The fact that something is an abstraction does not necessarily make it difficult to understand. Actually, there are wide variations in degree of difficulty. Dr.Tahany@2009

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  18. 5% Lecture • 10% What we read • 15% What we see • 20% What we see and hear.. Audio-visual • 26% What we hear • 30% What we see • 30% Demonstration • 40% What we discuss • 50% See and hear • 50% Discussion Group • 70% Discuss with others.. Active Receiving and Participating. • 70% Say • 70% Say and Write • 70% Say as they talk • 75% Practice by Doing • 80% Experience Personally • 80% What we experience directly or practice doing • 90% Say as they do a thing • 90% Say and perform a task • 95% of what we teach someone else We Remember: Dr.Tahany@2009

  19. Major factors for adapting and integrating IT into curriculum • Access to technology • Convenience in using technology • Rewards and recognition for using technology Dr.Tahany@2009

  20. Sources: • - Tony Betrus, Al Januszewski, SUNY Potsdam. • - Principles of Teaching, Bloomsburg University,Spring 2003 • - HTTP://LIBRARY.CMSU.EDU/DEANPAGE.HTM • - Dale, E. (1946). The cone of experience. In Audio-visual methods in teaching. (pp. 37-51). New York: Dryden Press. In D. P. Ely & T. Plomp (Eds.), Classic Writings on Instructional Technology (Vol. 1, pp. 169 – 180). Englewood: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. • -Dale, E. (1953).What does it mean to communicate? AV Communication Review, 1(1), 3 – 5. • Retrieved from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Edgar_Dale • -http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Edgar_Dale • 5From Dale, 1969, p. 132 Dr.Tahany@2009

  21. THANK U

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