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Year 5 SPAG. BRACKETS, DASHES AND COMMAS FOR PARENTHESIS NCLO: Using brackets, dashes and commas to indicate parenthesis. What is parenthesis?. Parentheses are words, phrases or clauses inserted into sentences which are grammatically complete without them.
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Year 5 SPAG • BRACKETS, DASHES AND COMMAS FOR PARENTHESIS • NCLO: Using brackets, dashes and commas to indicate parenthesis
What is parenthesis? Parentheses are words, phrases or clauses inserted into sentences which are grammatically complete without them. The information, which can be removed and the sentence still make sense, goes inside the brackets, dashes or commas. Example: Max (our best goalkeeper) saved the goal.
When might you use parenthesis? Here are some ways that information, which could be removed and the sentence still make sense, can be added using brackets, dashes or commas: Adding extra detail – The train (which was late) pulled up at the station. An aside – I'm heading out (cinema night), but I'll call you in the morning. An authorial intrusion – Trainspotting (what an unusual past time) was her favourite hobby. A list which interrupts a sentence – The three busiest train stations in Great Britain (Waterloo, Victoria, Liverpool Street) are all based in London. A date, or the birth and death of a person – William Tate (February 1798 – 20 April 1873) was the architect who designed Waterloo Bridge Station.
Dashes Dashes can perform a similar function to brackets, surrounding additional information in a sentence. They can be used in pairs, like commas and brackets, to indicate parenthesis. Example: The train – which was late – was heading to Paris. A single dash can be used like a colon or semi-colon to separate two clauses. It can also be used to give the impression of a dramatic clause. Example: The cupboard was crawling with all manner of revolting creatures – including venomous snakes!
When might you use dashes for parenthesis? Just like with brackets, we use a dash to add additional information. There is a space on either side of the dash. The man was plainly dressed – so he would not be noticed – in a black suit. The sentence would still make sense without the part within the dashes. This part of the sentence gives extra information so this part could be removed. When a parenthesis is completely removed, the sentence is still grammatically correct. Example: The man was plainly dressed in a black suit.
Using commas for parenthesis EXAMPLE WITHOUT PARENTHESIS: The spy scanned his surroundings looking for danger. Commas are used before and after embedded clauses (a group of words that includes a subject and a verb). The embedded clauses are put into a sentence to add additional detail for the reader, but do not make sense by themselves. When we start the clause with where, which, who we call it a relative clause. EXAMPLE WITH PARENTHESIS: commas The spy, who blended into the crowd, scanned his surroundings looking for danger. embedded relative clause
Brackets, dashes or commas can be used in each sentence below. Which words in each sentence should be included in brackets , dashes or commas? • James my brother likes eating cake. • Hillary the woman who lives down the road enjoys playing rugby. • The bus the one with the yellow bumpers crashed yesterday. • His mother who enjoys snooker knitted me a waistcoat last week. • Elephants especially the big ones leave large footprints.
PARENTHESIS – put the brackets, dashes or commas around the correct information. • Jimmy the boy next door enjoyed football. • Yesterday when it was sunny we ate cake. • The chocolate bar which contained 400 calories was enjoyed by everyone. • Our local supermarket Sainsbury’s is very busy on a Saturday.
