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Design and evaluation of a robotic TV-assistant:

Design and evaluation of a robotic TV-assistant:. balancing personality and control. Drs. B.W. Meerbeek, PDEng. (Philips research) Drs. H.C.M. Hoonhout (Philips research) Ir. P. Bingley (Philips research) Dr. J.M.B. Terken (TU/e). First iCat user workshop – 27 th March 2006, Eindhoven.

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Design and evaluation of a robotic TV-assistant:

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  1. Design and evaluation of a robotic TV-assistant: balancing personality and control Drs. B.W. Meerbeek, PDEng. (Philips research) Drs. H.C.M. Hoonhout (Philips research) Ir. P. Bingley (Philips research) Dr. J.M.B. Terken (TU/e) First iCat user workshop – 27th March 2006, Eindhoven

  2. Overview • Introduction • Research questions and hypotheses • Designing personality and levels of control • Experiments in HomeLab • Main findings

  3. Background • More robots in domestic environment (UNECE) • Human-robot interaction more important • Media Equation (Reeves & Nass) • Social response encouraged if machine: • uses full-sentence text or speech • demonstrates task knowledge as well as reasoning • can act autonomously on behalf of the user • Human-robot interaction ≈ human-human interaction • People assign personality to robots (a.o. Dautenhahn)

  4. Personality and Control • Personality of a machine can help users to form mental model and to interpret and predict its behaviour (Norman) • What personality do users prefer? • As machines (personal robots) become more intelligent they can take over more tasks from humans • Who should be in control?

  5. Context • iCat, platform for human-robot interaction research • Application: TV-assistant • Facial expressions • Head movement • Multi-colour LED’s • Camera (“see”) • Microphone (“hear”) • Touch sensors (“feel”) • Speakers (“speak”)

  6. Research questions Preliminary question: • Is it possible to convey personality with a robot? And if so, • What personality do users prefer? • What level of control do users prefer? • Is there an interaction between preferences for personality and for level of control?

  7. Expectations • No main preference for personality or level of control • Personality should match the level of user control • Extrapolating from observations of human-human interaction: Low user control High user control Introvert, formal conscientious robot Extravert, agreeable, friendly robot

  8. Personality design (1) Catherine • Facial expression, e.g. eyes move away • Motion, e.g. head to chest • Speech, e.g. low fundamental frequency (pitch) • Linguistic style, e.g. use more formal words

  9. Personality design (2) • Facial expression, e.g. more eyebrow movement • Motion, e.g. faster head movements • Speech, e.g. faster speech rate • Linguistic style, e.g. chitchat Lizzy

  10. Levels of control • Low user control • System-driven interaction style • Natural language dialogue • High user control • User-driven interaction style • Command and control

  11. Movie • TV-assistant recommends programme to user Low user control High user control Catherine Lizzy play Movie available on community website: http://www.hitech-projects.com/icat/download.php

  12. Experiments • Preliminary experiment demonstrated that personalities were recognized as intended • Main experiment • Combinations of two personalities and two levels of control (2x2-design) • 32 participants in experiment of 2 hours • Personality assessment • User preference

  13. Summary of main findings • Overall, there seemed to be a preference for Lizzy • In initial interactions, low user control slightly preferred over high user control • In longer term, preference may shift from low to high control • Lizzy seemed most preferred with low user control • Catherine matched better with high user control than with low user control • People perceived more control with Lizzy than with Catherine (identical level of objective control)

  14. Discussion • Personality perception less clear in main experiment • Distributed attention • Limited functionality of TV-assistant • Relatively short interactions • Single user

  15. Thanks for your attention www.research.philips.com/robotics bernt.meerbeek@philips.com

  16. Number of robots for domestic use Source: UNECE 4 x 1 million 3 2003 2007 2 1 0 Entertainment & Leisure Vacuum cleaner lawn mower Other cleaning Personal robots • More than 6 million personal robots in 2007 • Both for entertainment and household tasks a robot is a mechanical device which performs automated tasks, either according to direct human supervision, a pre-defined program or, a set of general guidelines, using artificial intelligence techniques.

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