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Country Report -- USA

Country Report -- USA. Presented at the IEA Bioenergy Task 34 meeting September 15, 2009 Doug Elliott. Outline. USA research groups USA commercialization efforts. Biomass to End Use. DISTRIBUTION. END USE. CONVERSION. Biofuels – rail, truck, pipelines – blenders – fuel pumps.

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Country Report -- USA

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  1. Country Report -- USA Presented at the IEA Bioenergy Task 34 meeting September 15, 2009 Doug Elliott

  2. Outline • USA research groups • USA commercialization efforts

  3. Biomass to End Use DISTRIBUTION END USE CONVERSION Biofuels – rail, truck, pipelines – blenders – fuel pumps Vehicles Biofuels Feedstock Logistics Feedstock Production Chemicals, Materials Bioproducts – rail, truck Bioproducts Biopower – transmission lines Biopower Grid Demonstration & Deployment Integrated Biorefineries Infrastructure Processing RD&D Biochemical Conversion Feedstock Production and Infrastructure Thermochemical Conversion

  4. Hydrotreating of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils light products gas byproduct H2 hydrogen recycle and byproduct gas reforming fast pyrolyzer medium products HT char byproduct aqueous byproduct aqueous byproduct HC heavy products biomass

  5. Laboratory Research and Development • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (DOE) • National Renewable Energy Laboratory (DOE) • Eastern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS) • Iowa State University • University of Massachusetts-Amherst • University of Maine • Washington State University-Pullman and Tri-Cities • Mississippi State University • Virginia Tech • University of Minnesota • University of Georgia

  6. Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryDouglas Elliott, Alan Zacher • Fluidized-bed pyrolysis • 1 kg/h, 2 in pipe • oil spray quench • feedstock assessment • Catalytic pyrolysis • Technoeconomic assessments

  7. Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryDouglas Elliott, Todd Hart • Improved catalysts for bio-oil hydrogenation • ruthenium • palladium • Small batch testing of model compounds • acetic acid • guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) • furfural

  8. Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryDouglas Elliott, Gary Neuenschwander • Continuous-flow bench-scale reactor tests have been performed to test catalysts and processing conditions. • 99 hydrotreater data sets • 49 hydrocracking data sets • Recovered products are analyzed at PNNL and UOP to determine composition and value

  9. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryStefan Czernik, Kristiina Iisa • Bio-oil neutralization and stabilization • Catalytic Pyrolysis • MBMS testing • Mild-hydrotreating batch reactor • Technoeconomic assessments • Integration into petroleum refinery • Hot-gas filtration (bio-oil stabilization DOE solicitation)

  10. Eastern Regional Research Center-USDA ARSAkwesi Boateng, Charles Mullan • Pyro-probe GCMS • Bubbling fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis • 2.5 kg/h, 3 in diameter • fractional product recovery with electrostatic precipitator • agricultural feedstock comparisons • Catalytic pyrolysis (DOE bio-oil stabilization solicitation)

  11. Iowa State UniversityRobert Brown • Fast pyrolysis research • micropyrolysis -- 500 g to ¼ ton/day PDU • fluidized beds, auger pyrolyzers, free-fall reactor • bio-oil recovery methods with fractionation • hot-gas filtration • Interdisciplinary studies • upgrading • plant ideotypes to affect bio-oil properties • carbon sequestration using bio-char • technoeconomic assessments • Bio-oil stabilization (DOE solicitation)

  12. University of Massachusetts-AmherstGeorge Huber • Catalytic fast pyrolysis • gasoline range aromatics directly from biomass • Upgrading of bio-oil by aqueous-phase processing • catalytic processing to hydrogen and alkanes • Bio-oil stabilization (DOE solicitation) • Fundamental kinetic model of pyrolysis • reactor engineering model

  13. Virginia TechFoster Agblevor • Fluidized-bed pyrolysis • 100 g/h • hot gas filter • condensers and electrostatic precipitator • Chicken litter pyrolysis • 5 ton/day • fluidized bed reactor • Fractional catalytic pyrolysis • 2 kg/h • fluidized bed reactor • Bio-oil stabilization (DOE solicitation) • Stable bio-oils that can be distilled into various fractions • Stable bio-oils will also be mixed with petroleum feedstock for processing

  14. Mississippi State UniversityPhilip Steele • Extensive review of fast pyrolysis • Auger pyrolysis unit • modified from ROI original design • 1 kg/h • <1.5 sec to few sec vapor residence time • 30 to 50 seconds solids residence time) • Bio-oil hydrotreating • hydrocarbon products

  15. University of MaineClayton Wheeler, Brian Frederick, William DeSisto • Fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis • 100 g/h • hybrid cyclone/hot gas filter • electrostatic precipitator • whole biomass and biomass fractions • Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil • fundamental study of HDO by model compound tests • novel catalyst synthesis

  16. Washington State UniversityManuel Garcia-Perez, Hanwu Lei • Pullman Campus • Fundamental studies of of reactions • Pretreatment methods • Built a 2 kg/h auger pyrolyzer • Develop and validate new analytical methods • Tri-Cities Campus • Comparisons of microwave heating and bubbling fluidized-bed

  17. University of MinnesotaR. Roger Ruan • Microwave-assisted pyrolysis • up to pilot scale (70 kg/h) continuous-flow • Catalytic pyrolysis to produce stable bio-oil • Reach and maintain exothermic reactions • Low-cost distributed system for on-farm application

  18. University of GeorgiaKC Das • Slow pyrolysis • batch reactors, 1 to 5L • Intermediate pyrolysis • auger reactor, 4 in diameter by 14 in long • 1 ton/d auger unit operated by Eprida Inc.

  19. Commercial process Research • UOP LLC • Envergent Technologies • Dynamotive • Renewable Oil International (ROI) • R&A Energy Solutions

  20. UOP LLCJennifer Holmgren, Rich Marinangeli • Formed a Renewable Energy and Chemicals division in November 2006 • CRADA project with PNNL and NREL for petroleum refinery feedstock from biomass pyrolysis 2006-2009 • Bio-oil stabilization project (DOE solicitation) with PNNL, NREL, ERRC, Ensyn and Pall 2009-2011

  21. Distributed Pyrolysis and Centralized Bio-oil Processing Holmgren, J. et al. NPRA national meeting, San Diego, February 2008.

  22. Envergent TechnologiesMark Reno, Geoff Hopkins • Joint venture 55/45 of UOP LLC and Ensyn • Near term commercialization of fast pyrolysis of biomass for heat and power • Longer term potential of upgraded fuels being evaluated

  23. Dynamotive USATom Bouchard • Bio-oil production under contract • West Lorne operated at 75% of 130 ton/d capacity • reached peak of 090% of nameplate • 6-month contract for $260,000 • 18 shipments planned, August delivery completed • 200 ton/day feed contract signed for Arkansas plant • 220,000 green ton per year for 10 years • 2-stage hydrotreating of bio-oil to hydrocarbons

  24. Renewable Oil InternationalPhillip Badger • Has built several auger pyrolysis units • Florence, Alabama • University of Georgia • Mississippi State University • Boston, Massachusetts • Virginia • Small Business Industrial Research work • Mobile demonstration unit • recently in Oregon • few hundred pounds per day

  25. R&A SolutionsJoel Keller • Slow pyrolysis auger kiln • Vapor products burned for power generation in integrated plant • Oil, char and aqueous byproducts all have uses • A wide range of biomass and waste can be processed • 3 ton/day unit for the Army; 50 ton/day considered largest expected size

  26. Conclusions • Biomass conversion to liquid fuels via pyrolytic processes and catalytic hydroprocessing is under development. • Interesting yields of hydrocarbon liquid products have been demonstrated at the bench-scale. • Improved understanding of process steps and product properties is developing.

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