VOSpec and high-resolution X-ray spectra

1. VOSpec and high-resolution X-ray spectra Stefano Bianchi Matteo Guainazzi Isa Barbarisi Pedro Osuna Jesus Salgado Astronomical Spectroscopy & the Virtual Observatory - ESAC – March 23rd 2007

2. Soft X-ray excess in obscured AGN ASCA Actual soft X-ray luminosity Turner et al. 1997 Predicted starburst contribution Guainazzi et al. 2005

3. NGC1068 Strong emission lines dominate No continuum => log(NH )<22.7 XMM RGS Kinkhabwala et al. 2002

4. Diagnostic on triplets AND higher order series lines: • confirm photoionization • constraint <10% contribution from collisional plasma • unveil the important role of resonant scattering (Band et al. 1990, Matt 1994, Krolik & Kriss 1995) Kinkhabwala et al. 2002 NGC1068 Detection of narrow Radiative Recombination Continua (RRC) => Low temperature gas => Photoionization (Liedhal et al. 1995)

5. OVIII Kα OVII Kα OVII high orders RRCs Can we do the same with low resolution?

6. We proudly announce the first catalogue of soft X-ray emission lines in a sample which includes all the type ≥ 1.5 AGN observed by the RGS CIELO-AGN [Catalogue of Ionized Emission Lines in Obscured-AGN] Guainazzi & Bianchi 2007 66 objects <F0.1-2 keV> ~ 10-13 cgs • OVIII Lyα detected in ~50% of the sample • OVII triplet in ~40% • Many other lines from O, Fe, C, Si, Mg, Ne, N detected in ~15%

7. CIELO-AGN

8. RRCs are: Common (detected in 40% o.t.s.) Narrow (σ<10 eV) => Photoionization Strong higher order lines => Resonant scattering Critical diagnostics

9. NGC3393 – z=0.0125 Circinus Bianchi et al. 2006 (+ 6 other objects) Smith & Wilson 2001 NGC1386 – z=0.0029 NGC4151 Yang et al. 2001 Where is the gas?

10. What is the gas? Bianchi et al., 2007 The comparison between the Chandra and the HST images shows that the [OIII]/soft X-ray ratio is fairly constant along with the radius, up to hundreds of pc. Photoionization models reproduce this behavior if ner-β, with β=2 (i.e. constant ionization parameter). This is in agreement with NLR emission line ratios (e.g. Kraemer et al. ’00, Kraemer & Crenshaw ’00, Bradley et al. ’04, Collins et al. ‘05).

11. What about the starburst contribution? Jiménez-Bailón et al. 2003 NGC7130 NGC4303 HST Chandra 3 pc 110 pc In the immermost 110 pc: • low luminosity AGN: LX≈1039 erg s-1 • young stellar cluster: LX≈6×1038 erg s-1 Levenson et al. 2005

12. AGN -Total LO≥1040 erg s-1 -OVII/OVIII≥1 STARBURST So… AGN or starburst? Empirical diagnostic diagram based on high resolution spectroscopy Guainazzi & Bianchi 2007

13. OVIII/OVII excess is NOT coincident with star formation regions! … of course this is too simple NGC7582 Bianchi et al., 2007

14. The VO Connection The International Virtual Observatory Alliance started about 2 years ago a discussion on how to make line catalogues accessible in the VO context One needs: • AData Model, i.e. a standard abstract representation of the database structure • A Data Access Protocol, i.e. standard rules to be followed by software designed to access line databases • A Software Implementation capable of interfacing with other access protocols (spectra, images etc.) See J. Salgado’s Talk The process is close to be finalized: • Relevant documents aiming at being promoted to formal recommendation at the next IVOA Interoperability Meeting

15. Why is the Line Data Model appropriate for us? 1. It supports atomic and molecular “laboratory” databases as well as catalogue of observed lines (such as CIELO) 2. It is organized around the concept of line 3. It allows catalogue publishers to provide full characterization of the atomic/molecular state, the physical processes generating a line and the physical properties of the plasma where the line is emitted 4. Pilot implementation possible

16. CIELO VO implementation CIELO-AGN is the first astrophysical line catalogue compatible with the (draft) IVOA Line Data Model and accessible through the (draft) Simple Line Access Protocol (IVOA Line Data Model: Dubernet, Osuna et al., in prep.) (Simple Line Access Protocol: Salgado et al., in prep.)

17. Conclusions High-resolution spectroscopyIS fundamental to understand the physical properties of the gas in the AGN circumnuclear environment (as high-resolution imaging IS fundamental to unveil its true location) • CIELO unveils a criterion to discriminate between AGN- and starburst-dominated sources on the basis of the OVII(f)/OVIII ratio In obscured AGN, CIELO unveils mounting evidence for • Dominant role of AGN-photoionization, • Important role of resonant scattering, • Broadly constant ionisation parameter ... on scales as large as a few hundreds parsec The VO is almost ready to be a tool for scientific investigation in this field. Stay tuned!