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Overview of the Human Endocrine System and Its Key Glands

The human endocrine system consists of various glands that secrete hormones, playing a vital role in regulating bodily functions. Key glands include the pituitary gland, a tiny structure at the brain's base, and the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland located in the neck. The parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands above the kidneys, gonads (ovaries and testes), and pancreas are also crucial for hormonal balance and overall health. Each gland contributes to essential processes, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

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Overview of the Human Endocrine System and Its Key Glands

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  1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STRUCTURE

  2. Gland • An organ that produces a secretion called hormones

  3. PITUITARY GLAND • Tiny structure size of grape • Located at base of brain • Connected to hypothalamus • Divided into anterior and posterior lobes

  4. THYROID GLAND • Butterfly-shapedmass of tissue • located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over trachea

  5. PARATHYROID GLANDS • Four glands, each the size of a grain of rice • Attached to posterior thyroid

  6. THYMUS • Endocrine gland and lymphatic organ • Located posterior to thesternum, above and in front of heart • Begins to disappear at puberty

  7. ADRENAL GLANDS • Divided into the cortex and medulla • Located directly above the kidneys

  8. GONADS • Ovary in female produces estrogen • Testes in male produces testosterone

  9. PANCREAS • Located behind the stomach • Endocrine and exocrine functions • an organ of the digestive system • contains the Islets of Langerhans

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