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Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: barry.fisher@inda

Jump Start Soil Reclamation with No-Till and Cover Crops. Capturing the Potential of High Soil Quality!. Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: barry.fisher@in.usda.gov. We Should Expect High Yields with High Residue Cropping Systems.

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Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: barry.fisher@inda

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  1. Jump Start Soil ReclamationwithNo-Till and Cover Crops Capturing the Potential of High Soil Quality! Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist NRCS, Indiana Email: barry.fisher@in.usda.gov

  2. We Should Expect High Yields with High Residue Cropping Systems Managing for Soil Quality Will Be Necessary Are Initial Yields Sustainable ?

  3. Reinvestments That Pay $ • Drainage systems • Lime • Cover Crops Soil Quality!

  4. Reinvestments That Pay $ • Equipment • Technology • Buffers Yield and efficiency!

  5. Poor Structure= Yield Loss

  6. Soil Nutrition • Management of Base Cations Becomes More Important when soil is disrupted • Ca- 70% Mg- 15% K- 3.5% • High Calcium Lime is preferred for no-till

  7. Soil Nutrition • Each 1 % of O.M. contains: 10,000 lbs. of C 1000 lbs. of N 100 lbs. of P 100 lbs. of S

  8. Manage and Remove Compaction • Maximizeweight distribution Evaluate depth and extent • Consider cover crops • An in-line ripper may needed

  9. Soil Quality = High Yield Potential Biodiversity is the fastest way to high Soil Quality • Biodiversity provides-Flexibility-Resilience-Resistance • Above ground diversity is a mirror for below ground diversity. • Getting root diversity (deep, fibrous, tap…) Helps you tap into nutrients that are otherwise unavailable. Jill Clapperton 2008 NNTC

  10. Diversify your cover Brassicas and Oats

  11. Build and Maximize Biology and Vertical Structure Soybean root following previous root channel

  12. Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop DeSutter Farm-Fountain Co. Drilled on Oct. 1 at 15 lbs./ac. Roots down to 51” on April 8

  13. Corn Roots down 70”+ in August

  14. Nutrient Management No-Till • We can package a system of soil building practices! Buffers Cover Crops

  15. IN FY08 EQIP = $ 19 million Nutrient Management- $3 million Cover Crops- $3 million No-Till/Strip-Till- $3.4 million Waste Utilization- $2 million

  16. EQIP Cover Crops – Acres per Year Contracted

  17. IN FY09 EQIP = $ 11.4 million Cover Crops- $2 million

  18. EQIP Cover Crops – % of Budget Contracted

  19. Field Office Technical Guide(FOTG) • Section IV • Seeding Tool • Google- eFOTG • March 2009 • Excel

  20. Create a Mix

  21. SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably

  22. SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably

  23. Cover Crops • Year-round bio-mass production should be targeted. • Sequester these gains with continuous No-Till/Strip-Till Systems

  24. How will you seed it? Manure plus Cover Crops Tim Harrigan, MSU- Slurry Seeded OSR, Oriental Mustard, and other CCs. Slurry seeded with dairy manure produced significantly higher total biomass

  25. How will you seed it? Air Seeder on a Harrow • 43’ swath at 10 mph • Fast • Cheap • Provides a random plant spacing

  26. How will you seed it? Fly it on • Most flexible timing • Fast • $12-$16/ac • Provides a random plant spacing • Variable results?

  27. How will you seed it? Drill it • Most time consuming • Slower • $12-$16/ac • Provides row plant spacing • Surest results

  28. COVER CROPTermination EXPERTS AGREE • KILL IT EARLY! • KILL IT LATE! IT DEPENDS!

  29. COVER CROPTermination • PLAN EARLY • KILL TOUGH ONES EARLY • Ryegrass- April 1, or before “Jointing” • MAXIMIZE TRANSLOCATION • Spray on Sunny Days (>55 degrees) • Use AMS with Low pH Water • Avoid antagonism • NO TRIAZINE • Use 10 Gallons of Water or Less • Apply Early in the Day ( quit by 2 PM)

  30. How will you Kill It? Herbicide…Avoid antagonism! % control Glyphosate 51% • Consider the modes of action Plumer 2006

  31. How will you Kill It? Herbicide…Avoid antagonism! % control Glyphosate 41% • Consider the modes of action Plumer 2006

  32. Planter set-up and maintenance is critical No-Till

  33. Spread the Weight! Spread the due… Residue!

  34. It’s best to use a systematic approach

  35. No-Till planter attachments Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires

  36. No-Till planter attachments Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires- right side Significantly reduces the weight directly over the see slot RID

  37. Walking Gage Wheels

  38. Seed Firmer

  39. “…Expect Success!” Barry Fisher, State Agronomist Email: barry.fisher@in.usda.gov

  40. Cover Crop Web Links http://www.covercrops.msu.edu/ http://www.sare.org/publications/ http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/ http://www.mccc.msu.edu/ http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/regions/ag/ag2.htm

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