The Renaissance and Protestant Reformation

1. The Renaissance and Protestant Reformation

2. Do Now 1. Describe the sanitary conditions of the Middle Ages. Name two specific practices that were common in the Middle Ages that was unsanitary or unhealthy.

3. Agenda • Do Now • Prayer • Introduce Renaissance • Ticket Out

4. Why did the Middle Ages end? How did the Europeans emerge from the “Dark Ages?” • Recall the dates of the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD) • 1347- Italian trading ships from Asia bring THE BLACK DEATH (real name: Bubonic Plague. Called Black Death because of the purplish black boils it created on the skin.) • Carried by rats on ships. All people (due to uncleanliness) had fleas. Sewage in streets were breading grounds for more rats. Fleas jump from rats to humans and spread the disease like wildfire. • In four years, due to trade routes, the plague reached every country in Europe. • It killed 25 million Europeans, or 1 in 3 people. • Meanwhile, a war between France and England devastates Europe (The 100 Years War)

5. Monty Python- Bring out Your Dead Ring around the rosy –plague begins with a red rash on cheeks A pocketful of posies-people carried handkerchiefs with flowers under the noses, many believed the plague was spread by “bad smells” "Ashes, Ashes“- refers to the cremation of all the dead bodies We all fall down!- refers to how it seemed like everyone was dying

6. What were the effects of the Black Plague? • Peasants revolt all over Europe • People lose faith in the Church- all these prayers to stop the Plague and violent war were unanswered- where was God? • Those who survived wanted to celebrate- the Church could not prevent war and sickness, so the new focus is on HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT • THE RENAISSANCE BEGINS- “REBIRTH” A REVIVAL OF ART AND LEARNING

7. What are the effects of urbanization? (growing cities)Who runs politics? • Formation of guilds • Unsanitary Living Conditions • Social Mobility Who ran politics? -Merchants (grown wealthy off of trade) -Nobles (knights are now gone) -Artisans (grown popular with Humanism)

8. Do Now • Summarize the beginning of the Renaissance.

9. Agenda • Do Now • Prayer • Humanism • Ticket Out

10. EQ: The rebirth of what? • SWBAT: Identify cultural contributions of the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution: humanism, literature, art, and architecture

11. What is Humanism? • Many people felt let down by God after all the violence of war and death from the plague • Humanism focused on people and their potential and achievements • Studied the Greeks and Romans • Believed that life was to be enjoyed, that being happy didn’t offend God • Focus on the SECULAR

12. Humanism encourages art, human achievment, and beauty…

13. What was life like in the Renaissance? • In your book turn to page 471 • Reading pages 471-477 complete the organizer.

14. Ticket Out • Show me what is due on Monday

15. Is this time of “rebirth” and learning, who had access to education?

16. Do Now • Summarize the basic principals of Humanism

17. EQ: How did Renaissance ideas spread

18. What were the major technological contributions of the Renaissance? • The Printing Press and Telescope • Printing Press- Before all books were handwritten- this is incredibly time consuming! (Think of Book of Kells!) • Johann Gutenberg, a German, invented the printing press. The first book ever printed was a Bible. • Printing was fast and easy. Effect= books were cheap enough that regular people could buy them. Effect= Learning and literacy rates rise!

19. Who proved Heliocentrism • Before the Renaissance the common belief was that the earth was the center of the universe and everything revolved around it… this is known as geocentric theory

20. This changed when Nicolaus Copernicus mathematically proved that the sun was the center of the universe. This is known at heliocentric theory

21. Galileo’s Telescope • Italian Renaissance thinker Galileo supported Copernicus and the heliocentric theory. • He improves on the telescope to support Copernicus. Also makes other scientific observations including the phases of Venus • The church is very much against this teaching and had it banned • Galileo is sentenced to house arrest and forced to take back his support of the new ideas

22. Scientific Revolution • Renaissance includes a period known for the large amounts of scientific ideas happening. It is called the Scientific Revolution • Much of what is taking place builds on the ideas of Aristotle

23. Ideas • Heliocentrism • Inertia • Gravity • This is when Newton is figuring out gravity!

24. Ticket Out • Why would the printing press be the most important invention of the Renaissance?

25. Do Now • How did humanism contribute to the technological advances during the Renaissance

26. Agenda • Do Now • Prayer Fear not of man Protestant Reformation

27. EQ: Did the church lose power? • SWBAT: to identify causes impetus and effect of the protestant reformation.

28. Protestant Reformation • Practices and beliefs of the church were being questioned? Does this surprise us? Why? Mainly the practice of selling indulgences was what people were upset by.

29. in 1516 when Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar was sent to Germany by Pope Leo X to sell 'indulgences' in order to raise money to rebuild St Peter's Basilica in Rome. In 1517 Martin Luther wrote a scholastic objection protesting against the Catholic church practice of indulgencies which came to be known as the 95 Theses. In the 95 Theses Luther denied that the pope had the right to forgive sins. He nailed a copy of the 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg which were subsequently translated from German into Latin and were printed and distributed across Europe leading to the Protestant Reformation.

30. What led to the Protestant Reformation? • Humanism encouraged people to question traditional authority (like the Church) • Martin Luther is upset by the corruption of the Catholic Church • Indulgences- instead of confessing and asking forgiveness, you could buy an indulgence aka buy your way into heaven • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses grew wildly popular and the followers of Luther broke away from the Catholic Church and became the Protestant church.

31. End Result Catholic Church (The Only Christian Church) The Catholic Church (Christian) The Protestant Church (Christian) Baptists Lutherans Pentecostals Methodists

32. Clarity, Accuracy, Organization, Format, Precision On the essay portion of the Middle Ages test you found one or more of the above words. These are meant to give you direction for crafting a splendid essay on the final. Here is what they mean… Clarity- your points are not clear. Think them through more and use evidence. Accuracy- your facts are not correct. Double check them Organization- it is hard to follow your argument. You jump around to0 much from topic to topic. Organize your thoughts in an outline. One topic per paragraph. . Precision- too broad of claims. Be more specific and detailed.

33. Ticket Out • See handout.

34. Do Now • Summarize how the Renaissance differed from the Middle Ages

35. Agenda • Do Now • Prayer Review

36. EQ: What do I know about the Renaissance • SWBAT: effectively synthesis, summarize, and discuss the major elements of the Renaissance

37. Middle Ages Ends • Plague hits Europe due to fleas easily spreading because of the unsanitary conditions • 100 Years War (France and England) • People are losing faith in the church

38. Renaissance Begins • Humanism changes how people relate to the world. • Focus on human potential • Revival of art and learning • Focus on classical Greece and Rome.

39. Identify • Michelangelo • Donatello • Raphael • Da’Vinci • Newton • Copernicus • Galileo • Heliocentric theory • Geocentric theory • Gutenberg • Printing Press

40. Renaissance Review In essay form (using the formula from the in class essay)- answer one of the questions (3, 4, or 5) under Critical Thinking on page 502