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Ancient Americas

Ancient Americas. The Four Major Culture Periods of Pre-Contact Native Americans. What does “culture” mean?. Culture is the set of learned beliefs, values, styles, and behaviors generally shared by members of a society or group. What does “pre-contact” mean?.

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Ancient Americas

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  1. Ancient Americas

  2. The Four Major Culture Periods of Pre-Contact Native Americans

  3. What does “culture” mean? • Culture is the set of learned beliefs, values, styles, and behaviors generally shared by members of a society or group

  4. What does “pre-contact” mean? • Pre-contact, also known as Pre-Columbian, refers to the time period before Christopher Columbus visited the Americas (pre-1492) Before this!

  5. B.C. and A.D. vs. B.C.E. and C.E. • What does B.C. stand for? • Before Christ • What does A.D. stand for? • Anno Domini (In the year of Our Lord) • What does B.C.E. stand for? • Before Common Era • What does C.E. stand for? • Common Era

  6. Origins of the American Indians • Probably came from Eastern Siberia • Most likely crossed on the Bering Land Bridge, a natural bridge that crossed the Bering Strait (no longer exists)

  7. Paleoindian Culture • 10,000-8,000 B.C.E. (North Carolina) • Crossed Bering land bridge around 12,000 B.C.E. • Indians of this time period were nomadic (moved from one place to another) • Hunter-gatherers • Hunted large game, such as Wooly Mammoths • Used stone weapons and tools

  8. Questions: Which spear points were first used? Which ones were later used? 3. What did they use them for? 4. How were they constructed differently over time?

  9. Archaic Culture • 8000 B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E. • Semi-nomadic – used base camps • Hunter-gatherers • Hunted smaller game, such as deer • Developed atlatl (a short stick which uses leverage to achieve great velocity in spear throwing) • Developed crude stone pottery • Used and developed more stone tools • Buried dead with care – belief in afterlife?

  10. Atlatl

  11. Woodland Culture • 1000 B.C.E. - 1000 C.E. • Lived in semi-permanent villages • Practiced Horticulture (farming = secondary source) • Hunted deer • Gathered food • Grew crops – squash, maize, sunflowers • Developed clay pottery to cook and store food • Developed the bow and arrow • Buried dead with great care

  12. Mississippian Culture • 1000 C.E. - 1650 C.E. • Lived in permanent villages • Practiced agriculture (farming = primary source) • Squash, beans, maize (corn) • Built ceremonial mounds • e.g. Town Creek Indian Mound • Organized groups – chiefs, rule by consensus, priests, hereditary rule • Matrilineal Descent System– lineage and membership in groups are inherited from one's mother

  13. Town Creek Indian Mound SAS Lesson 1342 – video clip

  14. Indian Civilizations • What is a civilization? • A society with complex social hierarchies and organized, institutional governments • Mississippians, Aztecs, Inca, Maya, and hundreds of others!

  15. European Explorers • During the Age of Exploration, European explorers came into contact with the indigenous (native) population of the Americas

  16. Columbian Exchange • What was the Columbian Exchange? • Exchange of culture, peoples, plants, animals, and diseases between the “Old World” (Eastern Hemisphere) and the “New World” (Western Hemisphere)

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