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Understanding Chemical Bonding: Types, Properties, and Examples

Chemical bonding involves the formation of bonds through the interaction of electrons, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Valence electrons play a crucial role in determining the stability of atoms. Different bond types include ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, affecting the transfer and sharing of electrons. Some bonds like polar covalent and hydrogen bonds exhibit unique properties. Understanding ionization energy and electron affinity assists in predicting bond types. Learn about diatomic molecules and polyatomic ions to grasp the complexities of chemical bonding.

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Understanding Chemical Bonding: Types, Properties, and Examples

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  1. C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g

  2. V a l e n c e E l e c t r o n s • E l e c t r o n s i n t h e o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l a r e c a l l e d v a l e n c e e l e c t r o n s . • I t i s t h e s e e l e c t r o n s t h a t d e t e r m i n e t h e f o r m a t i o n o f c h e m i c a l b o n d s .

  3. V a l e n c e E l e c t r o n s • C e r t a i n n u m b e r s o f v a l a n c e e l e c t r o n s a r e m o r e s t a b l e t h a n o t h e r s . • A t o m s w i l l g a i n o r l o s e e l e c t r o n s t o b e c o m e m o r e s t a b l e .

  4. C h e m i c a l B o n d T y p e s • I o n i c • C o v a l e n t • M e t a l l i c

  5. I o n i c B o n d E l e c t r o n s a r e t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m o n e a t o m t o a n o t h e r .

  6. E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r L i t h i u m Neon

  7. I o n i c B o n d • W h e n t h i s h a p p e n s , t h e c h a r g e s w i t h i n e a c h a t o m a r e n o l o n g e r b a l a n c e d . • T h e a t o m s h a v e b e c o m e i o n s - o n e w i t h a p o s i t i v e c h a r g e , t h e o t h e r w i t h a n e g a t i v e c h a r g e .

  8. C o v a l e n t B o n d E l e c t r o n s a r e s h a r e d b e t w e e n a t o m s .

  9. C o v a l e n t B o n d • T h e n u c l e u s o f b o t h a t o m s h a s a n e q u a l a t t r a c t i o n f o r t h e e l e c t r o n s . • T h e s h a r e d e l e c t r o n s s p e n d m o s t o f t h e i r t i m e b e t w e e n t h e t w o a t o m s .

  10. Polar covalent B o n d Atoms share the electron unequally, There is a slight difference in charge between the two poles of the bond; water is an example.

  11. Hydrogen Bonding In a hydrogen bond, an atom or a molecule interacts weakly with a hydrogen atom already taking part in a polar covalent bond.

  12. I o n i z a t i o n E n e r g y • T h e e n e r g y n e e d e d t o r e m o v e a n e l e c t r o n f r o m a n a t o m . • T h e a t t r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e n e g a t i v e l y c h a r g e d e l e c t r o n a n d t h e p o s i t i v e l y c h a r g e d n u c l e u s m u s t b e o v e r c o m e .

  13. E l e c t r o n A f f i n i t y • T h e t e n d e n c y o f a n a t o m t o a t t r a c t e l e c t r o n s . • M e t a l s h a v e a l o w e l e c t r o n a f f i n i t y . • N o n m e t a l s h a v e a h i g h e l e c t r o n a f f i n i t y .

  14. D i a t o m i c M o l e c u l e s C o v a l e n t b o n d i n g o c c u r s b e t w e e n a t o m s o f t h e s a m e e l e m e n t .

  15. D i a t o m i c M o l e c u l e s 7 H y d r o g e n N i t r o g e n O x y g e n F l o r i n e C h l o r i n e B r o m i n e I o d i n e

  16. P o l y a t o m i c I o n s • A g r o u p o f c o v a l e n t l y b o n d e d a t o m s a c t i n g l i k e a s i n g l e a t o m w h e n f o r m i n g c o m p o u n d s . • T h i s g r o u p o f a t o m s i s n o t e l e c t r i c a l l y b a l a n c e d a n d h a s a n o v e r a l l c h a r g e .

  17. P r e d i c t i n g B o n d T y p e s • W i l l t h e s e p a i r s f o r m i o n i c o r c o v a l e n t b o n d s ? • s o d i u m & c h l o r i n e • c a l c i u m & o x y g e n • c a r b o n & o x y g e n • a l u m i n u m & s u l f u r

  18. C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g E n d

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