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Introduction to IPv6

Introduction to IPv6. ECE4110. Problems with IPv4. 32-bit addresses give about 4,000,000 addresses IPv4 Addresses WILL run out at some point Some predicted by 2008, obviously did not happen NAT has helped slow the rate of exhaustion for addresses, but does not solve the problem completely.

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Introduction to IPv6

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  1. Introduction to IPv6 ECE4110

  2. Problems with IPv4 • 32-bit addresses give about 4,000,000 addresses • IPv4 Addresses WILL run out at some point • Some predicted by 2008, obviously did not happen • NAT has helped slow the rate of exhaustion for addresses, but does not solve the problem completely. • Rapid increase in routing tables as network grows • Variable size header (20 bytes fixed + options) • Options have limited use due to limited size

  3. IPv6 History • RFC 2460, Basic Protocol 1998 • RFC 2553, IPv6 Socket API, 2003 • RFC 3775, Mobile IPv6, 2004 • RFC 3697, Flow Label Specifications, 2004 • RFC 4291, Address Architecture, 2006

  4. IPv6 Timeline http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0302/ppt/hain.pdf

  5. IPv6 Features • New, fixed size header format • Large Address Space (about 10^38 addresses) • Better Support for Hierarchical Addressing • Smaller routing tables? • Automatic “link-local” address assignment • Includes IPSec (Secure IP) Support • Neighbor Discovery • Extension Headers • Multicast • Quality of Service

  6. IPv6 Address Subnet address used by the organization(fixed length) managed by organization 0 64 128 MAC Network part Host part

  7. IPv6 Address notation • Basic rules • “:” in every 2 bytes • Hex digits • shorthand • heading 0s in each block can be omitted • “0000” → “0” • “0:all zeros in between :0” can be “::”

  8. IPv6 address notation – example • 3ffe:0501:0008:0000:0260:97ff:fe40:efab • 3ffe:501:8:0:260:97ff:fe40:efab • 3ffe:501:8::260:97ff:fe40:feab • ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 • ff02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 • ff02::1

  9. Types of addresses

  10. Aggregatable global unicast address 0 32 64 96 128bit TLA NLA SLA Interface identifier 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16byte NLA1 NLA2 NLA3 TLA – Top Level Aggregator … assigned for 8Kmajor providers(13+3bits) NLA – Next Level Aggregator … assigned for smaller providers SLA – Site Level Aggregator … subnet numbers within organizations (16bits)

  11. Ver6 Prio Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address IPv6 Header Format

  12. IPv6 Extension Headers • Hop-by-Hop Options • Every router on the path must examine and process • Routing Options • Similar to source routing in IPv4 • Fragment Header • Destination Options Header • Options processed at destination node only • Authentication Header • Checksumming • Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) • Remainder of packet is encrypted

  13. Show IPv6 Sockets Example

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