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Reproductive System

Learn about the different parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, including the testis, epididymis, ovary, uterus, and the menstrual cycle. Explore the process of sperm development, egg release, and the role of hormones. Discover common diseases such as Chlamydia and Human papillomavirus (HPV) that can affect the reproductive system.

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Reproductive System

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  1. Reproductive System

  2. 1. Testis: sperm produced within seminiferous tubules The testis are kept at ideal temperature for sperm development within the scrotum. Male Reproductive System 2. Epididymis: storage site where sperm mature 3. Move into a tube, vas deferens, before entering the urethra.

  3. Female Reproductive System Eggs released by the ovary travel through the fluid-filled fallopian tubes by microscopic cilia to the muscular uterus. The lining of the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg.

  4. Luteal Phase: Follicular Phase: Menstruation: Ovulation: If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum disintegrates and estrogen & progesterone levels fall triggering menstruation Cells of the follicle transform into the corpus luteum which releases estrogen and progesterone Hypothalamus reacts to low estrogen levels, causing the anterior pituitary to release FSH & LH High levels of estrogen causes the pituitary gland to release large amounts of FSH & LH Follicles begin to develop – cells around egg produce estrogen which causes the lining of the uterus to thicken Follicle ruptures, releasing the egg If the egg is fertilized, it will implant in the uterine wall and release HCG which maintains the corpus luteum. The Menstrual Cycle

  5. Menstrual Cycle – Example of Feedback Regulation High levels of estrogen cause an increase in secretion of FSH & LH: positive feedback (#4) Progesterone results in the inhibition of FSH & LH secretion: negative feedback (#8)

  6. Diseases of the Reproductive System • Can be caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protists and fungi. • Example of Bacterial disease: Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomosis Chlamydia facts: Most common STD Men – no symptoms Women – can lead to infertility due to scarring of fallopian tubes Cervical cells infected with Chlamydia

  7. Diseases of the Reproductive System • Example of a viral reproductive disease: Human papillomavirus (HPV) HPV Facts: Over 100 types of this wart-causing virus Over 30 are linked with cervical cancer According to the CDC, over 50% of men & women will have HPV at some time in their lives Cervical cells infected with HPV

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