Goal: To understand Energy

1. Goal: To understand Energy Objectives: To learn about What energy is To learn about Work To understand the relationships and differences between Potential and Kinetic energy To understand the relationships between Work and Kinetic energy To understand the transfer of energy

2. What is energy? • Energy is what is needed to do stuff. • Energy is required to heat. • Energy is required to power an AC to cool. • Energy is needed to move things • Energy is needed to build things • Energy lights our lights and powers our TVs. • Energy drives our cars.

3. Potential and Kinetic Energy • All energies are comprised of Potential and Kinetic Energies. • Kinetic Energy = energy of motion • Potential Energy = stored energy

4. Work • One way to measure the use of energy is by measuring work (work is an energy). • Work = Force * distance • Net Work = Net Force * Net distance • Units of Work/Energy: • Work = Force * distance = Newton * m • Newton * m = Joule

5. Pushing the house • You push a icehouse across a frozen lake (assume you can neglect friction here). • Your friend, who wants to do something else, pushes back. • You push with a force of 300 N forward. • Your friend pushes with a force of 200 N backwards. • A) What is the work that you have done if you push the icehouse 30 m forward? • B) What is the work that your friend has done if you push the icehouse 30 m forward (note direction, this will have an effect on the work even though work does not have “direction”)? • C) What is the net work done on the ice boat?

6. Push start • Where is this work going to go?

7. Work represents • The work represents either the change in kinetic energy or the change in potential energy on an object. • Positive work means that the object speeds up or that it goes up. • Negative work means that you have stolen energy which means the object gets slower or goes down. • Friction for example is an energy thief because its force is always negative.

8. Work vs. Kinetic energy • Work = Force * distance • Force = mass * acceleration • Distance = ½ acceleration * time * time • So, • Work = mass * acc * ½ acc * time * time • Acceleration * time = velocity • Therefore, • Work = ½ mass * velocity * velocity • Notice that the above is the equation for Kinetic energy!

9. Lets prove it! • You push a box across a frictionless floor. • You apply a 300 N force to the 20 kg box. • You push the box for 5 m. • A) What is the work you have done to the box? • B) What is the acceleration on the box? • C) How long does it take to push the box 5 m (we have distance and acceleration…)? • D) Using v = at, what velocity is the box traveling when you get to the 5 m mark. • E) Now, find the Kinetic energy of the box (KE = ½ mass * velocity * velocity)

10. Total Energy • Total Energy = Kinetic + Potential • Unless work is done to the system, the Total Energy is conserved (i.e. stays the same)!

11. Energy transfers • Energy is not created or destroyed, but it is always moving from one form to another. • Lets examine gravitational potential transfers to kinetic energy and back.

12. Gravitational Potential Energy • Work = Force * distance • What force do you need to overcome gravity?

13. Gravitational Potential Energy • Work = Force * distance • What force do you need to overcome gravity? • Work = mass * gravity * distance • The distance is the height, • So, Work = mass * gravity * height • This is called Gravitational Potential Energy

14. Example if we have time • You are holding a 2 kg ball at a height of 0.6 m. What is the Gravitational potential energy of the ball? • You drop the ball. What happens? By how much will the gravitational potential of the ball change?

15. Make up upwards example if time permitted

16. Conclusion • We have seen how energy is used, transferred between forms, and why it is useful. • We have discovered how to find work, power, kinetic energy, and potential energy.