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15.1 Chemistry

15.1 Chemistry. Water Crash Course. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVT3Y3_gHGg. 15.1. Water in the Liquid State. A water molecule is polar. 15.1. Water in the Liquid State.

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15.1 Chemistry

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  1. 15.1 Chemistry

  2. Water Crash Course https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVT3Y3_gHGg

  3. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • A water molecule is polar.

  4. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • Polar molecules are attracted to one another by dipole interactions. The negative end of one molecule attracts the positive end of another molecule.

  5. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • The intermolecular attraction among water molecules results in the formation of hydrogen bonds.

  6. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • Many unique and important properties of water—including its high surface tension and low vapor pressure—result from hydrogen bonding.

  7. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • Surface Tension • The inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid is called surface tension. • All liquids have a surface tension, but water’s surface tension is higher than most.

  8. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • Surface tension makes it possible for this water strider to walk on water.

  9. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • A surfactant is any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension.

  10. 15.1 Water in the Liquid State • Vapor Pressure • Hydrogen bonding between water molecules also explains water’s unusually low vapor pressure. • Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules to one another so the tendency of these molecules to escape is low, and evaporation is slow.

  11. 15.1 Water in the Solid State • Water in the Solid State • How would you describe the structure of ice?

  12. 15.1 Water in the Solid State • As water begins to cool, it behaves initially like a typical liquid. It contracts slightly and its density gradually increases. When the temperature of the water falls below 4˚C, the density of water starts to decrease.

  13. 15.1 Water in the Solid State

  14. 15.1 Water in the Solid State • Hydrogen bonds hold the water molecules in place in the solid phase.

  15. 15.1 Water in the Solid State • The structure of ice is a regular open framework of water molecules arranged like a honeycomb. • When ice melts, the framework collapses, and the water molecules pack closer together, making liquid water more dense than ice.

  16. 15.1 Section Quiz. • 15.1.

  17. 15.1 Section Quiz. • 1. Many of the unusual properties of water are the result of • hydrogen bonding. • nonpolar molecules. • low molar mass. • dispersion forces.

  18. 15.1 Section Quiz. • 2. A surfactant causes water to spread out over a surface. This spreading occurs because the surfactant • attaches to the surface. • interferes with hydrogen bonding. • lowers the vapor pressure. • lowers the density of water.

  19. 15.1 Section Quiz. • 3. Ice is less dense than liquid water because in ice the water molecules • expand because of weakened covalent bonds. • have a regular open honeycomb framework. • expand because of weakened hydrogen bonds. • have a more disorderly arrangement with lower density.

  20. END OF SHOW

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