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Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen) Saturated: (Contain only single bonds)

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Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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  1. Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

  2. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Hydrocarbons(contain only carbon and hydrogen) • Saturated: (Contain only single bonds) Alkanes (CnH2N + 2 ) Cycloalkanes (CnH2N ) b)Unsaturated: contain Alkenes: double bonds (,,,CnH2N) Alkynes: triple bonds ((CnH2N - 2) Aromatic: benzene like compounds

  3. The structure of alkanes

  4. Alkyl groups

  5. Nomenclature of substituted alkanes • Choose the largest continuous chain • Start numbering (lowest possible numbering) • List substituents alphabitically. • Use di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca for identical groups Examples

  6. If there are two equally long continuous chains, choose the one with most branches

  7. Physical properties of alkanes • 1) Water insoluble • 2) low boiling point, which increases upon increasing the number of carbons in the alkane • 3) branched alkanes have lower boiling points than the corresponding long chain alkanes

  8. Conformations of Alkanes: • Conformers: Stereoisomers that are interconvertible by bond rotation

  9. Cycloalkanes:

  10. Conformations of Cyclohexane

  11. Reactions of Alkanes:

  12. Draw the monochloro and dichloro products expected from chlorination of propane

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