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Gender statistics in PRSPs

This article discusses the evaluation of gender sensitivity in country Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and the identification of existing gaps in their coverage. It also explores the key elements of gender equality and the potential impact on aggregate economic performance. The limitations of the official MDG3 indicators are examined, along with prospective indicators for measuring gender equality in PRSPs. The next steps include advocacy, training, and collaboration to develop and monitor indicators.

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Gender statistics in PRSPs

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  1. Gender statistics in PRSPs Sulekha Patel The World Bank Gender Forum, Ghana, Accra January 26-28, 2009

  2. Gender Issues in PRSPs Context • To evaluate gender sensitivity of country PRSPs: • MDGs • Expanded ( proposed) set of indicators • To identify existing gaps in PRSP coverage • Next steps

  3. Key Elements of Gender Equality Gender equality in rights, resources, and voice Leveling the field of opportunities Household Household resource and task allocations, fertility decisions Economy & Markets Access to land, financial services, labor markets, technology Society Civic and political participation Domains of choices, domains for policy Aggregate economic performance (poverty reduction, growth)

  4. Framework : Key Elements of Gender Equality Ties together key elements of gender equality* • In the household: increased gender equality between men and women changes the allocation of HH expenditures, resulting in a larger share of resources devoted to children’s education and health. • In the market: gender inequality is reflected in unequal access to land, credit, and labor markets, and in significantly less access to new production technologies. • In society: gender inequality is expressed as restrictions to women’s participation in civic and political life. • In addition to improving individuals’ lives, increased gender equality can contribute to better aggregate economic performance. *Source – WB Global Monitoring Report 2007

  5. Advance Gender Equality:business case • Countries are falling behind their commitment to meet the MDGs • Gains in women’s economic opportunities lag behind those on women’s capabilities • Lack of women’s empowerment: • Imperils growth and poverty reduction • Less favourable education and health outcomes for children • Rapid spread of HIV/AIDS

  6. MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women • Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education by no later than 2015 Official Indicators

  7. MDG3 Effect on Other MDGs Gender equality and women’s empowerment are channels to attaining other MDGs — • universal primary education (MDG2A), • lower under-five mortality (MDG4A), • improved maternal health (MDG5A and B), • lower likelihood of contracting HIV/AIDS (MDG6A), • Reduce biodiversity loss (MDG7B).

  8. Limitations of the Official MDG3 Indicators • Only partially measure gender equality • Do not monitor key elements of gender equality (health outcomes and disparities in access to productive resources such as land, credit, and technology) • Inadequate measurement of empowerment • National-level indicators can veil inequalities between particular subgroups

  9. Official MDG indicators conceal inequalities within countries • Ratio of girls’ to boys’ enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education – • say nothing about educational outcomes (Completion? Getting a job?) Gaps between boys and girls completion rates remain high in SSA and SA (90% to 83% and 67% to 57% respectively) • Changes in the indicators based on parity ratios are difficult to interpret. (Increases in female-to-male ratios can result from a fall in male rates with female rates remaining constant) • Measures the status of women relative to men, rather than whether women are empowered (whether they have the ability to exercise options, choice, and control)

  10. Other Indicators’ limitations: • Share of women in non/agricultural wage employment • Does not take into account the circumstances of each country – such as the share of non-agricultural employment as a percentage of total employment. • Limited use for low-income countries where wage employment is not a main source of jobs. • Does not capture the dimensions of job quality/ability of women to work for pay (economic empowerment) • Does not quantify barriers inhibiting women from participating in the labour force. • Does not capture the ability of women to control their fertility • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments • Captures political participation only at the national level, not at provincial or local levels,

  11. Prospective MDG 3 Indicators

  12. Gender in the PRSPs • 45 PRSPs, from 2003-08 were reviewed • Examined the degree to which gender issued were addressed, and deemed measureable: • MDGs • Prospective set of indicators

  13. MDG coverage in PRSPs

  14. Related MDG indicators

  15. Prospective MDG3 Indicators: Household

  16. Prospective MDG3 Indicators- Economy and Markets

  17. Prospective MDG3 Indicators: Society

  18. Next steps • Advocacy: Raise awareness for Bank and country staff: • Developing training for Bank staff • Collaboration with partners to develop indicators to measure and monitor the prospective indicators: • Identify indicators • Develop methodology to gather and process data

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