FROM THE ENGLISH CATEGORY TO THE RUSSIAN ONE

1. FROM THE ENGLISH CATEGORY TO THE RUSSIAN ONE Prepared by Maria Scheveova Teacher Salynskaya T.V.

2. Goal • Find out if it is possible to save both Russian and English colouring in translation of «A Brief History of Moscovia»

3. Annotation • A Brief History of Moscovia or, Relations of Moscovia, as far as hath been discover'd by English voyges; Gather'd from the writings of several Eye - witnesses and other less-known countries lying Eastward of Russia as far as Cathay, 1682, London. • The writing is of interest because of its diplomatic use. In the mid 50s of the XVII century John Milton was the secretary of state for foreign and politic affairs. Russia was among the countries where runaway royalist fought with the English Revolution. • In addition, England strove for monopoly of trading with Russia. The establishment of trading relations between England and Russia through Russian northern seaports was certainly of benefit for the countries.

4. Hypothesis • It needed to be translated incorrectly to make a point of some mistakes, made by John Milton. • It was better to choose neutral term definitions, while looking for lexical counterparts of the words.

5. Tasks • Define the English terminology that is used in the work to interpret the Russian realities. • Define the Russian terminology that is used in the work to interpret the English realities.

6. About the author John Miltonwas an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of Englandunder Oliver Cromwell.

7. About the translator Yuri Tolstoywas a Russian historian, senator, privy councilor.

8. Sigismund von Herberstein Sigismund Freiherr von Herberstein was a Carniolan diplomat, writer, member of the Holy Roman Empire Imperial Council. He was most noted for his extensive writing on the geography, history and customs of Russia and contributed greatly to early Western European knowledge of that area.

9. Famous diplomat It was proved that, though Herberstein wasn’t mentioned in the list of the authors at the end of the work, John Milton used his materials to write some of Russianrealities.

10. Distinctive features -John Milton never had any Russian material; - John Milton reported the facts that were already known; • John Milton took liberties with the sources; • The developments were corrupted; + Milton’s work had a large diplomatic and historical value; + Though John Milton informed the readers of Russian history of the century.

11. Structure • It consists of five chapters; • The first three chapters are geographical; • The forth chapter reports the history of Russia from the beginning to 1613; • The last chapter tells about the relations between Russia and England from 1553 to 1604. • The authors whose narratives the writing was based on are mentioned at the end.

12. Difficulties encountered by Yuri Tolstoy • The writing was devoid of Russian national portrait of culture; • It was hard to find analogy for Milton’s terms for reporting Russian realties. • The ability to transfer the image correctly assumes that Translator knows the reality; • The realities that John Milton offered signify false attributes of Russian culture.

13. The analysis of the work We found out that Yuri Tolstoy should have given a special priority that while reading «A Brief History of Moscovia» by John Milton Russian readers saw what was exotic for British people. He should have shown that in some cases the writer roughly reported Russian realities, because he wasn’t immediately familiar with them.

14. Terminology • John Milton transcribes some of the words because he can’t find direct analogies in his native language or describes them. • Yuri Tolstoy uses Russian terminology that isn’t mentioned in the original version.

15. Examples

24. Glossary gentleman- nobles/nobility - general - officer - clergy - Metropolitan - ambassador - messenger - дворянин бояре, дворяне, вельможи воевода, начальник войска дворянин, чиновник духовенство Митрополит посланник гонец

25. Reflection • It needs to use different methods to translate the text correctly • It’s important to recreate the reality instead of following the original version • The hypothesis is true

26. Literature • 1. Англо-русский военный словарь. 1968. • 2. Англо-русский дипломатический словарь. 1989. • 3. Словарь иностранных слов. 1983. • 4. Словарь русского языка XI-XVII вв. • 5. Срезневский И.И. Словарь древнерусского языка. 1989. • 6. Николаев Г.А. Англо-русский исторический словарь. 1995. • 7. Pushkarev S.G. Dictionary of Russian historical terms from the XI c. to 1917. 1970. • 8. Encyclopedia Britannica, v. II, III, V, IV, 1994. • 9. The Encyclopedia Americana. 1969.

27. to be continued