Routing Loops using ISATAP and 6to4 : Problem Statement and Proposed Solutions

Jan 25, 2026

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This document addresses the challenges associated with routing loops in ISATAP and 6to4 tunnels, particularly focusing on how a router lacks awareness of participating end nodes and the vulnerability to source address spoofing by attackers. Various solutions are proposed, including implementing neighbor cache checks, validating destination and source addresses, and ensuring compliance with known IPv4 prefixes, IPv6 addresses, and IPv4 router addresses. By applying these measures, the integrity and reliability of communication in tunnel networks can be significantly enhanced.

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Routing Loops using ISATAP and 6to4 : Problem Statement and Proposed Solutions

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Routing Loops using ISATAP and 6to4: Problem Statementand ProposedSolutions
The Problem
Root Causes • A router does not know which end nodes currently participate in the tunnel. • An attacker can easily spoof source addresses.
Proposed Solutions • Neighbor cache check • Destination and source address check • Known IPv4 prefix check • Known IPv6 address check • Known IPv4 router addresses