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Evolutionary Classification & Taxonomy: Understanding Life's Diversity

Explore the world of classification & order in biology through morphology, DNA, fossils, and more. Discover how we differentiate homology, analogy, and species relationships. Learn about the history of taxonomy & binomial nomenclature, and the modern approach of cladistics in evolutionary classification. Unravel the complexities of the phylogenetic tree using molecular clock and discover the 5 (6) kingdom system and 3-domain system in the study of life's diversity.

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Evolutionary Classification & Taxonomy: Understanding Life's Diversity

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  1. Classification & Order HBio Ch 15.6 – 15.10

  2. How do we classify? • Morphology • Niche • Fossil evidence • DNA

  3. Systematics • Study of diversity of life and evolutionary relationships • Makes use of fossil record, morphology, embryology, DNA • Difficulties with distinguishing between • homology • similarities from common ancestor • analogy • similarities due to convergent evolution

  4. Phylogenetic tree • Uses DNA as a molecular clock • Better record than morphology alone

  5. History of Taxonomy • Carolus Linnaeus (mid 1700’s) • Used morphology to classify into 7 taxons

  6. Levels of Classification

  7. Binomial system of Nomenclature • A rose by any other name… • two parts to a name • Genus • Homo • species • sapiens • Humans = Homo sapiens or Homosapiens • Race, strain, cultivar, variety, breed

  8. Cladistics • Newer approach based on derived characteristic in evolution • Newly evolved feature that “gave rise to” group of organisms (clade) • A better look at evolutionary relationships • Clades are branches that share traits • Makes use of molecular chemistry/DNA more than morphology

  9. 5 (6) Kingdom system

  10. 3 Domain System

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