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Land Navigation

Land Navigation. Map Reading. Basic Map Skills. Identify Map colors Identify Map Symbols Identify Marginal Information Identify Terrain Features. Basic Map Skills. Identify Grid Identify Elevation Grid vs. Magnetic Azimuth Determine Azimuth Back Azimuth Determine Distance.

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Land Navigation

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  1. Land Navigation Map Reading

  2. Basic Map Skills • Identify Map colors • Identify Map Symbols • Identify Marginal Information • Identify Terrain Features

  3. Basic Map Skills • Identify Grid • Identify Elevation • Grid vs. Magnetic Azimuth • Determine Azimuth • Back Azimuth • Determine Distance

  4. Map Colors • Black - Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels • Red-Brown - Combined to identify cultural features, all relief features, non-surveyed spot elevations, and elevation, such as contour lines on red-light readable maps

  5. Map Colors • Blue - Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers, and drainage • Green - Identifies vegetation with military significance, such as woods, orchards, and vineyards • Brown - Identifies all relief features and elevation, such as contours on older edition maps, and cultivated land on red-light readable maps

  6. Map Colors • Red - Classifies cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads, and boundaries, on older maps • Other - Occasionally other colors may be used to show special information. These are indicated in the marginal information as a rule

  7. VGT 5

  8. VGT 6

  9. VGT 7

  10. VGT 8

  11. Identify Map Symbols Refer to Legend

  12. Marginal Information • Geographic area and scale - top left • Name of map sheet - top center • Map edition, map series, and map sheet number - top right • Legend - bottom left • Bar scale, contour interval, grid reference box, and declination diagram - bottom center • Elevation guide, adjoining map sheet diagram, and boundaries box - bottom right

  13. Terrain Features - Major • Hill • Ridge • Valley • Saddle • Depression

  14. Terrain Features - Minor • Draw • Spur

  15. Terrain Features - Supplementary • Cliff • Cut • Fill

  16. Identify a Grid

  17. VGT 23

  18. VGT 24

  19. Identifying a Grid • Read Right then Up • Bottom left corner identifies first two digits I.e. 12__56__ • Use coordinate scale to identify last two digits I.e. __34__78 • Add proper grid zone designator to front I.e. AB ________

  20. Identify Elevation

  21. Elevation • Locate point on the map • Determine contour interval of map • Locate index contour line nearest point • Count number of contour lines up or down that must be crossed to get to point • Points at top of hill add half the contour interval • Points at bottom of depression subtract half the contour interval

  22. Grid vs. Magnetic Azimuth

  23. THREE NORTH'S G N N TRUE NORTH MAGNETIC NORTH GRID NORTH VGT 32

  24. Determine Azimuth

  25. VGT 55

  26. Determine Azimuth • Plot location of two points • Use straight edge to draw line between both points (line must be long enough to cross scale on protractor) • Use protractor to determine azimuth

  27. VGT 43

  28. VGT 44

  29. VGT 45

  30. VGT 46

  31. VGT 59

  32. Determine Back Azimuth

  33. Back Azimuth • Back Azimuth - azimuth taken from a distant point toward your location • Used in Resection • Numbers less than 180 - add 180 • Numbers greater than 180 - subtract 180

  34. Determine Distance

  35. Determine Distance • Straight Line • Use edge of paper and mark distance between points • Line paper up next to scale to determine distance • Road Distance • Break curve into series of straight lines and measure from curve to curve • Line paper up next to scale to determine distance

  36. Advanced Skills • Intersection • Resection

  37. PRACTICAL EXERCISE TENINO YOU ARE AT A STRUCTURE IN AN UNKNOWN LOCATION. YOU DETERMINE THAT SPOT ELEVATION\ 215 IN GRID SQUARE EG1686 IS ON A MAGNETIC AZIMUTH OF 358 1/2 DEGREES. YOU ALSO SEE THE WATER TOWER IN GRID SQUARE EG1185. IT IS ON A MAGNETIC AZIMUTH OF 290 DEGREES FROM YOUR POSITION. DETERMINE WHICH STRUCTURE YOU ARE LOCATED AT TO WITHIN 100 METERS. VGT 40

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