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Satellite Basics MAC Smog Blog Training CATHALAC, Panama, Sept 11-12, 2008. Jill Engel-Cox & Erica Zell Battelle Memorial Institute engelcoxj@battelle.org, 703-875-2144 zelle@battelle.org, 703-236-1420. U.S. Ambient Air Monitoring. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
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Satellite BasicsMAC Smog Blog TrainingCATHALAC, Panama, Sept 11-12, 2008 Jill Engel-Cox & Erica Zell Battelle Memorial Institute engelcoxj@battelle.org, 703-875-2144 zelle@battelle.org, 703-236-1420
U.S. Ambient Air Monitoring • National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and ozone • Typical Real-time Monitors • Hourly Ozone (ppb) • Hourly PM2.5 (g / m3) • Converted to health-based air quality index (AQI) • Available on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s AIRNow website (http://www.airnow.gov)
Key NASA air quality satellite sensors Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Satellite Data Available for Air Quality • Most useful for particulate matter (PM) • Type of information relevant to PM: • True Color (Red, Green, Blue - RGB) - looks like a photograph but is data, shows haze, dust, & smoke • Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) - Non-dimensional measure of total column (satellite-ground) extinction • Limited but improving information on ground-level ozone, SO2, CO, vertical distribution of PM • All data is “free”, available globally
MODIS True Color Image6 July 2002 Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.
Transport Case Study Illustration MODISRGB L1B Image25 June 2002 Haze Cloud Sunglint Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.
MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth25 June 2002 Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.
Relation to Ground-based Data Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) vs. PM2.5 (Ground)
120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 Quantitative Analysis: PM2.5 Concentrations vs. MODIS AOD STN-M Site Locations Eastern U.S., April-September 2002 PM2.5(μg/m3)= 23 AOD + 7 N=14,000 PM2.5 (μg/m3) IMPROVE Site Locations 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Aerosol Optical Depth (unitless) Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.
Initial Correlations by SeasonDaily Fine Mass Winter Summer Spring Fall
Old Town TEOM MODIS AOD Baltimore, MDSummer 2004 July 21 Mixed down smoke July 9 High altitude smoke Aug 24 Transported haze Aug 10 Normal haze PM2.5 (g/m3) MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth
MesoAmerica Aerosol Optical Depth from MODISSundar A. ChristopherThe University of Alabama in Huntsville • Weekly Composites of MODIS Aerosol Terra Optical Depth for 2007 • Weekly Composites from one satellite provides increases spatial coverage • Further work will use data fusion approaches to combine both Terra and Aqua to fill in the gaps.
