Ionization Constant of Water and pH

1. Ionization Constant of Water andpH

2. Water breaks apart into two thingsHydrogen – H+Hydroxide – OH-

3. H2O(l)H+ (aq)+ OH- (aq) Write the equilibrium expression for this equation.

4. Kw= [H+][OH-] It has a special name. The ionization constant of water.

5. Kw= 1.0 x 10-14 It always = the same # which makes things easier.

6. 1.0 x 10-14 = [H+][OH-] So if you know [H+] or [OH-] you can plug it in and solve for the one you are missing.

7. pH means powers of H+pOH means power of OH-

8. To find pH or pOH plug in the concentrationpH = -log[ H+]pOH = -log[OH-]

9. To find concentration plug in the pH or pOH [ H+] = 10-pH[OH-] = 10-pOH

10. 1.0 x 10-14 = [H+][OH-]-log of everything =14= pH + pOH

11. Naming Acids (a Refresher) • If anion is monoatomic, use hydro- + -ic • Ex: HCl = hydrochloricacid • If anion is polyatomic, look at name of ion and apply suffix: • Nitrate nitric acid • Sulfite  sulfurous acid

12. Conjugate Pairs • When Acids or Bases react with weak acids/bases, they form conjugate pairs. • Ex HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl- • Ex. H2SO4+ H2O  SO42-+ 2H3O+ • Ex. NH3 + HNO3  NH4+ + NO3- • Ex. HC2H3O2 + H2PO4- C2H3O2- + H3PO4

13. Conjugate Pairs • Ex HCl+ H2O H3O++ Cl- ABCACB • Ex. H2SO4 + 2H2O SO42- + 2H3O+ ABCBCA • Ex. NH3 + HNO3  NH4++ NO3- BACACB • Ex. HC2H3O2 + H2PO4- C2H3O2- + H3PO4 A B CB CA

14. Acids & Bases Chapter 19

15. Acids & Bases

16. Acids & Bases Acid

17. Acids & Bases Acid A substance that produces hydrogenions in solution

18. Acids & Bases Acid + H

19. Acids & Bases Acid A pH less than 7

20. Acids & Bases Acid A pH less than 7 pH stands for Powers of Hydrogen

21. Acids & Bases The pH scale goes from 0 - 14

22. Acids & Bases The pH scale goes from 0 - 14 7 = Neutral

23. Acids & Bases Acid 6 = Weakest Acid

24. Acids & Bases Acid 6.99 = Weakest Acid 0 = Strongest Acid

25. Acids & Bases Acid

26. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES

27. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES Tastes sour

28. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES Tastes sour Reacts with metal Turns litmus RED

29. Acids & Bases Acid - EXAMPLES HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 H2CO3 HC2H3O2

30. Acids & Bases

31. Acids & Bases Base

32. Acids & Bases Base A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution

33. Acids & Bases Base OH

34. Acids & Bases Base A pH more than 7

35. Acids & Bases Base

36. Acids & Bases Base 8 = Weakest Base

37. Acids & Bases Base 7.01 = Weakest Base 14 = Strongest Base

38. Acids & Bases Base

39. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES

40. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter

41. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter Feels slippery

42. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter Feels slippery Turns litmus BLUE

43. Acids & Bases Base

44. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES

45. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH

46. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH

47. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3

48. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2

49. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2

50. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3