Springdale Group

1. Springdale Group Some examples of the role of “technology transfer” in developing crop derived bio-energy. Clifford Spencer BSc. (Agric) CHAIRMAN

2. Head Office at Springdale Farm

3. Mission To develop a global business establishing field production, added value processing and retail marketing of non food crops and their products. Principal markets include industrial oils, fibres and energy.

4. “The Springdale Project” Innovation in non food cropping.

5. Springdale Group Group Structure

6. Production Flow

7. Springdale Group Science Seed breeder End User SPRINGDALE Processor Farmer Extractor Advisors

8. ‘Technology transfer’areas in crop derived bio-energy • Crop choice for region • Directed plant breeding • Agronomy development • Supply chain establishment • Logistics (national and global supply chains) • Development of crop energy conversion systems • Energy distribution network • Energy marketing and information

9. Crop breeding and agronomy technology transfer • Springdale works closely with plant breeders • e.g. Syngenta – trialling crops for Europe’s largest plant breeder, plus currently six specialist breeders from around the world for emerging non food crops (e.g. Crambe), and CNAP for hemp oilseed breeding. • New ‘country specific’ non-food crop variety breeding development now ongoing for Springdale. • First example was Syngenta’s Skipper oilseed rape selected by Springdale in the UK some seven years ago for biodiesel. Now with energy as a significant market, oilseeds can be bred for different desirable characteristics. Thus glucosinolates in the oilseed plant can be enhanced rather than suppressed in these breeding programmes due to their undesirable effect on seed meals for animal feeding no longer being an issue when the meal is burnt. Also the dietary problem of erucic acid in the oil is not seen as an impediment in oil for biofuel. Plants can be bred for low level input growing environments and systems. • Husbandry development through comprehensive ‘in country’ trial and demonstration. Agronomy can also be different for non food uses e.g. use of biosolids for plant nutrition also assists another environmental challenge with these materials.

10. Springdale/Syngenta Partnership

11. Skipper oilseed rape multiplication(a short variety with a specific fatty acid profile of benefit to biodiesel manufacture)

12. Springdale Crop Synergies • Providing renewable raw materials for specific products for non food crop markets • Clear identification and traceability through assured production including Organic • Storage, conditioning, extraction, processing, and transport to the end user • Reproducible quality

13. Springdale Crop Synergies Global Crop development

14. New opportunities for non-food oilseed crop ‘Crambe’ • Existing use as a slip agent • New use as a biofuel • Crambe has the highest Cetane value (burn ability) of any vegetable oil • Crambe is a low input crop suitable to developing countries • Crambe has an excellent environmental profile as a fast growing short season crop

15. Springdale Crambe seed multiplication (New Zealand)

16. Springdale pioneers Crambe (desert) production in Saudi Arabia

17. Bill Rustrick of Springdale in field production discussions in oilseed rape crop in Ethiopia

18. Springdale Crambe trial site in Chile

19. The role of Springdale Renewable Energy

20. Voltaire (Philosopher) 1694 - 1778 “To preserve and renew – is almost as noble as to create”

21. SPRINGDALE RENEWABLE ENERGY Main areas of activity: The use of straight vegetable oils in static engines for power generation 2) The use of biomass for power generation

22. Springdale Renewable Energy PROJECTS 1) Stem Energy -JV with Harworth Power -£11M project to generate 10MW from oilseeds and by-products using existing technology in a novel way (system patented). Thus the system rather than the technology is to be transferred to developing countries. 2) On-farm development unit - how do we use vegetable oils in reciprocating engines both technically and commercially? - what is the next step in bio-combustion?

23. Springdale Renewable Energy PROJECTS (continued.) 3) The use of SVO - vegetable oils (palm, soya, rape, new non food crops e.g. crambe) in continuous power and heat generation e.g. glasshouses, hospitals 4) Electricity from Biomass -Biomass Turbines – new technology particularly developed for use in developing countries e.g. equipment suitable to be containerised for use in remote locations.

24. Joint Venture between UK Coal & Springdale • Renewable Energy power stations (+10MW) using UK Coal sites on ex-mines • Minimal costs grid connection • Existing rail/road links for seed/oil/meal transportation • Site at Harworth has existing boiler/generator and requires only a combustor/fuel handling system thus keeping start up costs to a minimum Biomass Power Generation

25. Reproduction not only on other UK ex-mine sites but on a worldwide template • The system can utilise/revitalise redundant or underdeveloped crushing facilities in industrial areas of developing countries • Ideal partner set up to biodiesel production and plant Biomass Power Generation

26. UK Coal HQ at Harworth

27. Principle - Energy from seed • Oil seeds crushed to separate the oil from the meal on site • The oil can be used as a food oil or as transport fuel or in static diesel generators to produce electricity • The meal will be burnt in a dedicated biomass conventional CHP plant to produce electricity and heat • All the seed can be used for energy purposes

28. Different approach • Burn the cake, sell the oil MassEnergyValue Oil 43% 54% 70% Cake 57% 46% 30% Cake has 53% by real value as energy • Combust high volume low value cake on site • Utilise existing commodity chains as fuel supply • Utilise known technology • Attribute logistic costs to high value product (oil)

29. Stem Energy – Harworth Power Plant

30. ON-FARM DEVELOPMENT UNIT OBJECTIVES 1. To accumulate a technical and economic database to assess the performance of oilseeds, oils and biomass in the production of electricity and biofuels 2. To be able to assess the efficiency of expelling, degumming, esterification and power generation from reciprocating engines and bioturbines 3. To be able to predict the optimal economic solution for power generation as fuel input and energy output prices change.

31. Redundant farm building used as base for bio-energy development unit

32. “Wet” processing side “Dry” processing side

33. Economics of SVO in the UK For example, crude palm oil: 9MW turnkey energy plant £4.4M Crude palm oil 39GJ/T @ £270/T dld Engine efficiency 44% 1tonne oil 4.77MWh 1 MW £92/MWh Running hours 8000/yr Oil consumption 14865T/yr Grid connection £1M O+M £0.5M Depreciation 10% ROC 26% + heat/cooling ???

34. Electricity from Biomass: “technology” options • Boiler and steam turbine • Gas Engines • Gas Turbines

35. Direct combustion - the Bioturbine: technical concepts • Direct combustion - potential for highest efficiency / lowest cost / basic technology • Wood is the cleanest biofuel • Turbine inlet cooler than ash fusion temperature. Sub micron ash flows • Simple and robust gas turbine with suitable small units now becoming available • Resistant to deposition, erosion & corrosion • High quality exhaust heat for CHP applications

36. The Barnstaple Rig • Created microturbine combustion conditions with small gas turbine generator set • Demonstrated control of wood combustion • Biodiesel burner - start-up, accelerate wood combustion, control

37. “The Barnstaple Rig”

38. 30KW gas turbine assemblyy

39. Mini turbine from exhaust –very clean after 130 hours running

40. The next steps:facility development • Combustor for 90% wood combustion & development to commercial system • Gas turbine - low cost and ruggedised • Wood feed system • Controls for operation and safety • Experimental programme, including wood size and type, other biofuels eg rape meal, endurance tests • £1 million of support from UK government

41. to Electrical Load 245 kWe Heat Recovery Stages Cold Flue Gas out 2.17 kg/s 1 bar 130 oC (B) Process Mass & Energy Inventory from Heat Load to Heat Load 382 kW(th) Final (Cold) Gas Filter Clean Flue Gas to Stack 2.17 kg/s Turbine exhaust 2.17 kg/s 1.06 bar 581 oC Combustion air in 2.12 kg/s, 1 bar, 15 oC Secondary air (via Recuperator) Compressor Turbine Alternator Secondary air 1.99 kg/s 4.42 bar 524 oC 2.17 kg/s 4.33 bar 850 oC to System Auxiliaries 5 kWe Cyclone Filter Primary air 0.13 kg/s 4.5 bar 202 oC Combustor System electrical efficiency: 27% Overall conversion efficiency: 68% Dry Ash out 3.4 kg/hour Auxiliary Fuel 7.74 kg/hour Biomass Turbines Ltd. (A Springdale Group company) Proposed 250 kWe biomass-fired CHP plant Comminuted Wood Fuel 170 kg/hour Primary air/ wood fuel 0.17 kg/s 4.42 bar 125 oC Pressure Lock/ Air-Fuel Mixer

42. Patent Protection to protect technology transfer • Patent granted on direct combustion system to promote fragmentation of the biomass fuel particles • Various European and US Patents granted on this system

43. Significant potential in developing countries • CHP applications • Combating the increasing costs of imported fossil fuels and products • Can site units near to fuel (crop) production • Range of unit size - 250kWe to 15MWe • World market

44. Economics of BIOTURBINE in UK 1MW Turbine £700k Wood 20GJ/T @ £40/T dld Efficiency 23.5% 1T wood 1.31MWh(e) 1T rape oil 2.55 MWh(e) 1MWh £92 Running hrs 8000/yr Wood consumption (90%) 5504T/yr Oil consumption (10%) 313T/yr Fuel cost £364k/yr Income £736k/yr Gross margin £372k/yr Depreciation 10% ROC 37%

45. http://www.springdale-group.com Springdale Crop Synergies Ltd Springdale Farm Rudston Driffield East Yorkshire YO25 4DJ Tel: 01262-421100 Fax: 01262-41101 Website: www.springdale-group.com Email: info@springdale-group.com