Habitat vs. Niche

1. “The niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. It may be said that the habitat is the organism's ‘address’, and the niche is its ‘profession’, biologically speaking.” Odum - Fundamentals of Ecology

2. Niche- the role a species plays in a community (job) -Ex: a honey bees niche (job) is to pollinate flowers to make honey Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life (address) -Ex: the honey lives in the bee hive, which is in the forest. Habitat vs. Niche

3. Survival Relationships In Ecology - SYMBIOSIS • Studies have shown that most species survive because of the relationships they have with other species • The relationship in which there is a close association between organisms of different species is called symbiosis

4. Symbiotic Relationships Biotic (LIVING) factors in an ecosystem interact in 2 major ways 1. Symbiotic Relationships 2. Feeding Relationships Symbiosis- two species living together 3 Types of symbiosis: 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism

5. Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism- beneficial to both species (it is GOOD for both) Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp

6. Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism- beneficial to both species Ex. lichen

7. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is not harmed or helped Ex. orchids on a tree Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called aerophyte, air plant.

8. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria

9. Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism- parasite-host • One organism benefits and the other is harmed • The parasite attacks while the organism is still LIVING Ex. fleas, ticks,tapeworm

11. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

12. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

13. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

14. What type of relationship is pictured?

15. Autotrophs • Use energy from the sun to make their food. • Also called Producers • Examples: Plants

16. Autotrophs or Producers

17. Heterotrophs • Organisms that do not make their own food • Also called a Consumer • Consume other organisms in order to live • Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Lions, Humans

18. Heterotrophs

19. Feeding Relationships Consumer- • Organisms that eat (consume) other organisms for energy (animals) 4 types of heterotrophs/consumers: • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Decomposers

20. Feeding Relationships Consumers- Herbivores • Eat only plants What is the Niche of a Herbivore?

21. Feeding Relationships Consumers- Carnivores- • Eat only meat What is the Niche of a Carinvore?

22. Feeding Relationships Consumer- Omnivores -eat both plants and animals

23. Feeding Relationships Consumer- Decomposers • Eats dead and decaying matter. Returns matter to the soil. What is the Niche of a Decomposer?

24. Scavengers • Scavenger: Organism eats the remains of a dead animal after another has already killed it

25. Predator - Prey • PREDATION (Predator – Prey): Organisms that hunt and kill another organism for food As the PREY increase, so does the PREDATOR. When the PREY decreases, so does the PREDATOR.

26. How are PREDATION and PARASITISM Different? • Both relationships are GOOD for one organism and BAD for the other • BUT: • Predation = the harmed organism is DEAD when it is harmed • Parasitism = the harmed organisms is ALIVE when it is harmed