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BALKANIZATION OF AMERICA The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

BALKANIZATION OF AMERICA The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States. • The History of Korean Immigrant Churches - Timeline. • The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - Number - Distribution - Growth Process - Reason of Growth. • The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches

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BALKANIZATION OF AMERICA The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

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  1. BALKANIZATION OF AMERICAThe Korean Immigrant Churches in United States •The History of Korean Immigrant Churches - Timeline •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - Number - Distribution - Growth Process - Reason of Growth •The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches - Situation of the U.S. - Social Functions - Formation of Large Communities - Fragment of the U.S. Yonghwan Lee Pratt

  2. •The History ofKorean Immigrant Churches - Timeline The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States 3rd Wave 2nd Wave 1st Wave 4th Wave 1st Wave

  3. •The History ofKorean Immigration (Timeline) The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States - 1882 -US and Korea signs 1st Treaty. - November 2, 1886 - US approved Korean Immigration. - November 5, 1902 - Korean emperor Kojong recognized the approval of Korean Immigration to US. • 1903 – 1905 - "First Wave" (Image) • - 7,843 Korean immigrants came to Hawaii (6,701 men, 677 women, and 465 children) • - They spread to various plantations. • - Some formed a self-governing village. • - Most adjusted to the new environment but the one’s who couldn’t either went back to Korea or to the mainland US. • - January 13, 1903 -102 Korean Immigrants (56 men, 21 women, and 25 children) came to Hawaii on the SS Gaelic. • - Each person had different reasons for immigrating but all shared a common goal: to earn money and live a better life. • - This was a test case to see if the Koreans were good workers and had courteous attitudes. • - They worked in plantations. • - February 26, 1903 - Evening bulletin in Hawaii reported "…They appear to be hard workers, yet they are paid the least … would work ten hours from dawn to sunset for sixty-nine cents a day." • - 1912 – 1924 - "Second Wave"(Image) • - 951 Korean "picture brides" immigrated to Hawaii. • Reasons for the picture brides – Before the second wave, the number of Korean men outnumbered Korean women. • The Korean men insisted on marrying Korean women only. Therefore they had to send pictures of themselves and have arranged marriages. • - There were nearly 5,000 bachelors and most of them remained as bachelors. • - Immigration of Koreans stopped because of the Oriental Exclusion Act of 1924. • - Oriental Exclusion Act resulted because of the anti-Japanese feelings at that time.

  4. •The History ofKorean Immigration (Timeline) The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States • - 1924 – 1960’s - "Third Wave"(Image) • - However, the US allowed the Korean students to come to US and study here. • - Immigrants came after the liberation of Korea from Japan. • American solders that were stationed in Korea married Korean girls; they were called "War-Brides" or "Peace-Brides". • Korean WAR - 1950 – 1953 - 1965 – Present - "Fourth Wave" (Image) - Korean Immigrants came with different skills. - About 1,200,000 Korean Immigrants now resides in US. - 1965 -Immigration Act of 1965. - Since 1968, when the law was actually implemented, Koreans have become one of the fastest growing Asian groups in the United States, surpassed only by Filipino immigration

  5. •The History ofKorean Immigrant Churches - The Growth of Korean Immigrants The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  6. •Korean Population The U.S. Bureau of the Census

  7. •The History ofKorean Immigrant Churches - The Growth of Korean Immigrants The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States Koreans live in large metropolitan areas and a great majority of them live in the suburbs. Ninety-six percent of Koreans in the United States are found in metropolitan areas, while, in contrast, 80% of the general population resides in metropolitan areas. Korean immigration to the United States since 1965 has typically been an urban-to-urban migration, from large urban centers of South Korea to the large metropolitan areas of the United States. Although Koreans generally live in metropolitan areas, they are especially concentrated in the largest areas. The largest number of Koreans is found in the Southern California metropolitan region called Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange-San Bernardino-Ventura, CA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area(CMCA). More than a quarter million(257,975) Koreans living in this five-country area constitute nearly one-fourth of Koreans in the United States. The next largest area of Korean concentration is the area encompassing New York City and surrounding metropolitan areas of New York, Northern New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. More than 170,000 Koreans live here and constitute approximately 16% of the Koreans in the United States. Forty percent of all Koreans in the U.S. are found in these two metropolitan areas, each of which has at least 10,000 Koreans.

  8. •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - Number The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  9. •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - Number The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States Missionary work in Korean immigrant society was rather easy because there were about 400 Christians and 30 missionaries among initial Korean immigrants of 8,000. As a result, Korean immigrant society in the states was built based on the spirit of Christianity, and the relationship between churches and social group has been very close. This was unique phenomenon that one couldn’t see in other immigrant society neither Japanese nor Chinese. Enormous numbers of Korean immigrants have come to the states since 1965 when the new immigration law was enacted. Many churches were built wherever Korean immigrants went to, and then there are thousands of Korean churches now in the states. Korean immigrants are praised as ‘People of Faith.’ According to a survey done at California in 1980, 69.9% of Korean immigrants were related to churches. And 67.8% of them are quite young people, 83.5% of them go to churches at least once a week, and 25.8% of church goers do volunteer work at churches. Compared to this, Chinese and Japanese immigrant churches are not that active as well as there are few churches.

  10. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 1903 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  11. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 1950 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  12. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 1967 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  13. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 1980 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  14. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 1991 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  15. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 2001 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  16. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 2002 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  17. •The Distribution of Korean Immigrant Churches - 2003 The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  18. •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - 2001~2003 - the Recent Distribution The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  19. •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - The reason of Growth The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  20. •The Growth of Korean Immigrant Churches - The reason of Growth The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States Korean immigrant churches serve several practical functions for Korean immigrants, which is indispensable to their adjustment in the U.S. Two of these practical functions contribute to Korean ethnic attachment. One is the fellowship function. Many Korean immigrants attend ethnic church to maintain social interactions and friendship networks with fellow Koreans. 23.6% of the church going respondents indicated fellowship or meeting friends as the primary motive for attending church. All Korean immigrant churches have a fellowship hour after Sunday service, which usually lasts between half and one hour. The other practical function of Korean immigrant churches, which contributes to Korean ethnic attachment, is maintenance of the Korean cultural tradition. Korean churches help to preserve Korean culture in several different ways such as teaching Korean language.

  21. •The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches - Process of the Growth The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  22. •The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches - Process of the Growth The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States At the first time, Korean Immigrant Churches Services started to rent from American existing churches However, as those grew so fast, they bought the American Churches.

  23. •The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches - Big Communities through the churches The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States

  24. •The Effect of Korean Immigrant Churches The Korean Immigrant Churches in United States Christian churches are the most important Korean ethnic organizations in New York as well as in other American cities. The significance of Christian congregations is evidenced by the fact that more than 75% of New York City’s Korean immigrant families are affiliated with a Korean church and that the vast majority (80% of them) attend church once or twice a week. The presence of approximately 600 Korean churches, including a Korean Catholic church with 6,000 members, 40 other religious organizations, and 30 theological schools in the New York area further demonstrate the importance of Christian life among Korean immigrants in the region. (the below photo : New York Korean Church, Queens) - The Role of Korean Immigrant Churches Historically, Korean American churches have played the most important religious, cultural, and economic roles for Korean immigrants. Today, churches are increasingly called upon to share a leadership role in the American community and meet the diverse and changing needs of a global society: There is a growing number of Korean Americans who are American-born and whose first language is English. - Big Communities through the Churches Since most Korean American financial and human resources are funneled into its churches, these organizations are ideally positioned to address the community's challenges and changes. - The Future of Korean Immigrant Churches The time is ripe for all those within and outside of Korean ethnic churches to examine the challenges of Korean American churches today and find new ways for the church to become a contributing organization in multiethnic America.

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