Seminar on New Trends In Urban Planning And Development MIP-REHDA SELANGOR JOINT SEMINAR 30th October 2008

1. �Seminar on New Trends In Urban Planning And Development" MIP-REHDA SELANGOR JOINT SEMINAR30th October 2008 �New Trends and Approaches in Urban Planning and Growth.� by Pn. Khairiah Talha Secretary General Eastern Regional Organization for Planning and Human Settlements (EAROPH) www.earoph.info

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Urbanization Issues Malaysia�s Urban Policies New Trends and Approaches � The Sequential Approach Smart Growth Policies What�s for Us?

3. Urbanization Issues Issues of Urban Sprawl & Sustainability Example: Sprawl In Johore Bharu & Klang Valley

4. Issues of Urban Sprawl & Sustainability Critics of sprawl argue that urban expansion encroaches excessively on agricultural land, leading to a loss of amenity benefits from open space as well as the depletion of scarce farmland resources. the long commutes generated by urban expansion create excessive traffic congestion and air pollution. growth at the urban fringe is thought to depress the incentive for redevelopment of land closer to city centers, leading to decay of downtown areas. by spreading people out, low-density suburban development reduces social interaction, weakening the bonds that underpin a healthy society. (Brueckner, Jan, 2001).

5. Eg: Sprawl In Johore Bharu 

6. As the urban population in the district of Johor Bahru increased, most of the lands were developed. several factors: One is due to the building of highways, seaports, new townships and purpose-built shopping complexes. However, most of the populations who stay in the suburban areas such as MPJBT and Pasir Gudang are working in the centre of Johor Bahru. This has caused a high trip generation along the route heading to the city centre (MBJB area),- serious traffic congestion problems

9. Urbanization & Issue of Sustainability Sustainability has become a central theme of our environment, human development and resource use. The central idea is that we should use resources in ways that do not diminish them. Concern about Impact of Climate Change � contribution of transportation towards CO2 emission; sustainable communities � looking after the places people live and work, for example, by developing green, open spaces and building energy-efficient homes. (UK Government) Urbanization and the resulting urban sprawl has serious implications on the goals of achieving sustainability In Malaysia, concerns about sustainability in development and growth have been indicated in most of the planning at national, state and local levels

10. Malaysia�s Urban Policies

12. NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN NPP 2 - The planning of urban-based economic activities shall adopt the concept of �Selective Concentration� for strategic urban centres for all states. NPP9 � Urban Conurbations NPP 12 - The individuality and physical separation of the cities, towns and villages within the conurbations shall be maintained.

13. NATIONAL URBANIZATION POLICY

14. THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1976 The National Physical Plan State Structure Plan District Local Plans Special Area Plans Comprehensive Regional Plans

15. State Structure Plan

18. New Trends and Approaches

19. The Sequential Approach The Sequential Approach in planning and development has been in practice in the UK since 1996 a technique towards sustainable development. It is a method of monitoring physical development and in the planning system and process, ensures that physical development meets up with demand. The approach also ensures that �brownfield� sites as well as previously developed sites, be given priority for development, over �greenfield� areas. Thus, urban sprawl is minimized,

21. there is no oversupply in development products (housing or commercial floor space), and existing infrastructures are fully utilized. emphasis has been given to a plan-led approach to promoting retail, leisure and employment development. It establishes a Sequential Approach ��with preference to Town Centre locations, then edge-of-town centre and finally out-of-town centre. PPG no.6, UK maximising the use of �brownfield� sites and the conversion/re-use of existing buildings; accessible by a choice of means of transport.

25. Smart Growth Policies Planning concept and practice popular in the US since late 1980s Part of new urbanism movement, looking at alternative of suburban sprawl Antithesis of urban sprawl � promotes center city growth, compact transit-oriented urban form, mixed use development with range of housing and transportation choices.

28. 1. Urban Containment Boundaries (UCB�s) Lines drawn on planning maps that divides urban land and rural land UCBs prevent low-density rural and surburban sprawl and encourage orderly development Growth is channeled and energized into areas which are ready for development in terms of infrastructure, people and demands. The use of UCBs can assist in reinforcing and protecting prime agriculture lands as well as environmentally sensitive areas

30. 2. New Urbanism (Transit Oriented Development & Compact CITIES -PRINCIPLES

31. 3. Agriculture Land Reserve (ALR) The Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) is a zone in which agriculture and its related activities are recognized as the priority use. ALR emphasizes preservation of agriculture land or open space within the UCBs where it is critically required in order to achieve sustainable growth; Implementation of the ALR requires strong and effective policies and smart bylaws to enable the local government to exercise the power in enforcement; It requires transference and efficient collaboration among related agencies; especially the Department of Agriculture and Local Authorities.

32. 4. Brownfield Development and Urban Revitalization move towards revitalizing cities through the use and re-development of brownfield lands; several principles: The desirability and benefits of walkable cities, compact, mixed-use, mixed-income, racially diverse, livable urban cores and neighborhoods ; Creation of a safe and healthful environment where people live, work, and recreate; Encouraging retail businesses and service providers to stay or locate within the urban communities where their customers live; Accessible transportation alternatives towards economic development, in reducing traffic congestion, and in minimizing parking;

33. Unlock the value of vacant, abandoned, and/or underutilized property in older cities; Preservation of the unique character of a community�s historical, cultural, artistic, architectural, and natural resource assets. The state should support the location of public offices and facilities in urbanized areas consistent with local development plans and compatible with existing land uses to stimulate economic activity, encourage private reinvestment in city centre areas, make optimum use of existing infrastructure, decrease sprawl, and increase accessibility of government services;

34. Developing state incentives for constructing new schools and renovating schools within existing town centers and encouraging shared use of sports facilities; Support other public investments in town centre areas , including the siting of facilities by local governments and federal agencies such as the construction of new facilities within cities or established town centers that have adequate existing infrastructure.

35. 5. Development Cost Charges The Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (PartV) in which a charge is imposed on new development projects to raise revenue; Revenue shall be used to finance the provision of infrastructure cost to accommodate urban growth; The charges imposed may vary from place to place depending on the condition and capacity of the existing infrastructure, the location of proposed development, the type of landuse, and the characteristics of development project; The DCC may be lower for infill developments, brownfield and higher density developments

36. 6. State and Local Governments� Assistance in Attracting private investments National and State Governments must lend support Capital Investments in public transportation infrastructure are heavy but absolutely vital Encourage brownfield development through various financial incentives.

37. 7. Integrated Planning Management Approach Integrated planning may be defined as a combination of policy making, administration of physical planning and development, funding and research, and monitoring; Integrated planning management aims to consolidate all related group of expertise to achieve smart growth strategies at all government administrative level (i.e. national, regional and local government); Needs a strong collaboration of multidisciplinary organizations that work together as a single team (task force);

38. 8. Community Support And Participation In The Development Process and Livable Communities Citizen participation in development process provides a source of special insight, information, knowledge, and experience gained (may not be seen by others) through discussion and representative of citizen consensus; Promotes dignity and self-sufficiency within the individual; It taps the energies and resources of individual citizens within the community;

39. In the USA and European nations, public participation is well advanced with high degree of awareness; Almost all of the plans rest on a clear statement of principles or values that the community as a whole wants to preserve, to improve and to enhance;

40. CRITERIA FOR IMPLEMENTATION Strong political support; Integration and Coordination amongst all ministries, agencies Capacity Building Stakeholders involvement and participation

44. WHAT�S FOR US?

49. OBJECTIVES The Integrated Systemic Urban Growth Approach intends to do the following: Create more self-contained communities so as to reduce average trip distances, and encourage walking, cycling and transit travel, by locating a variety of compatible land uses within proximity of each other. These measurements can work together with the increase in development density within walking distance (0.25 to 0.50 miles) of high capacity transit stations and corridors, and the provision of high quality pedestrian and cycling facilities in those areas. approach can also help foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place. � Areas of high ecological and recreational value can be free from development pressures especially when development priority is channeled towards areas that are already built up A strategy towards urban sustainability

51. THANK YOUfor your attention KHAIRIAH TALHA secretariat@earoph.info