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Powered by Rock. Earth's Energy Systems. Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com. Powered by Rock. Water. Hydroelectric Power. Hydroelectric Power. ~90% energy:power conversion efficiency. Hydroelectric Power. Three types: 1. Conventional storage 1 Reservoir + Dam with turbine/s

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  1. Powered by Rock Earth's Energy Systems Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com

  2. Powered by Rock Water Hydroelectric Power

  3. Hydroelectric Power ~90% energy:power conversion efficiency

  4. Hydroelectric Power Three types: 1. Conventional storage • 1 Reservoir + Dam with turbine/s 2. Pumped storage • 2 reservoirs – water pumped back to upper basin during low demand 3. Run-of-river • Use natural flow of river

  5. UK Hydroelectric ~1.5% of UK electricity from hydroelectric power (2011)

  6. 1. The Hollow Mountain Cruachan Dam, nr Oban

  7. Scotland's World-First World's first pumped storage scheme Begun in 1959, opened in 1965 Utilized 'spare' nuclear power 90% pumped storage 10% conventional hydro (rain) 440 MW capacity 2014: could expand to ~1 GW

  8. 2. Welsh Water Dinorwig Hydroelectric Power Station, Snowdonia

  9. The Electric Mountain Opened in 1984 16km of tunnels Europe's largest man- made cavern: 1m tonnes of concrete, 200k tonnes of cement, 4.5k tonnes of steel

  10. Rapid Response 1.8 GW Pumped Storage Used for sudden power demand • 16-second response time!

  11. 3. The Loch Ness Monster Glendoe Dam

  12. Glendoe geology Caledonian Mountain belt Deformed sandstones and mudstones

  13. A Modern Marvel 600m head is UK's largest 15km2 natural catchment + 60 km2 artificial (tunnel) catchment 8km tunnel from turbine to Loch Ness 900m dam

  14. Hydro Power: Pros & Cons Your Thoughts...

  15. Limited expansion capacity (especially outside Scotland!)

  16. Raw materials Vidal et al. - Nature Geoscience (2013) Especially concrete!

  17. Induced Seismicity Sichuan earthquake 2008, M7.9: • ~80,000 people killed Zipingpu Dam, completed late 2006

  18. Could micro-hydro make it big? Small-scale (<5 MW) hydro projects “take off in UK” Mostly run-of-river Image from Strathclyde University

  19. British Sea Power? "The UK is currently the undisputed global leader in marine energy, with more wave and tidal stream devices installed than the rest of the world combined." (Renewable UK)

  20. Wave & Tidal Power Currently ~9 MW installed 200 MW by 2020? Tidal potential = 25-30 GW (DECC) 12% of electricity demand Wave + Tidal potential = 60 GW

  21. Tidal Potential Pentland Firth: • 4.2GW potential; 1.9GW feasible • (>40% of Scottish elec. demand)

  22. Tides to the Power Severn? 2013: “Case unproven”

  23. VOTE! A watery future for the UK?

  24. Next week: Wind & Sun Truly renewable?

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