Part 61

1. Let it Begin Part 61 Subpart A General

2. Part 61 Subpart A – General Subpart B – Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations Subpart C – Student Pilots Subpart D – Recreational Pilots Subpart E – Private Pilots Subpart F – Commercial Pilots Subpart G – Airline Transport Pilots Subpart H – Flight instructors other than Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot Rating

3. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Aeronautical Experience • Pilot time obtained in an: • Aircraft • Flight simulator • Flight training device • Meet training and flight time requirements: • Airman Certificate • Rating • Flight Review • Recency of Flight Experience Requirements

4. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Authorized Instructor • Valid ground instructor certificate under • Part 61 or 143 • Current flight instructor certificate under • Part 61 • Authorized from Administrator to provide ground or flight training

5. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Cross Country Time • Hold a current pilot certificate • Conducted in an aircraft • Landing at a point other than point of departure • Involves use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point

6. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Cross Country Time Acquired for the following certificates: • Private Pilot • Commercial Pilot • Instrument Rating

7. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Cross Country Time • Conducted in an appropriate aircraft • Point of landing that was at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure • Involves use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point

8. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Cross Country Time Acquired for the following certificate: • Air Transport Pilot • Conducted in an appropriate aircraft • At least a straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure • Involves use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point

9. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Cross Country Time Acquired for the following certificate: • Military pilot who qualifies for a commercial pilot certificate • Conducted in an appropriate aircraft • At least a straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure • Involves use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point

10. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Examiner • Authorized by Administrator to • Conduct pilot proficiency • Practical test for airman certificate/rating • Conduct a knowledge test

11. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Flight simulator • Full-size aircraft cockpit replica • Includes hardware/software necessary to represent aircraft in ground/flight operations • Force cueing system • 3 degree freedom of motion system • Flight training device • Full-size replica of instruments, equipment, panels, controls of an aircraft • Need not have force motion cueing • Flight simulator/training device • Evaluated, qualified, and approved by the Administrator

12. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Flight simulator • Full-size aircraft cockpit replica • Includes hardware/software necessary to represent aircraft in ground/flight operations • Force cueing system • 3 degree freedom of motion system • Visual system • 45 degree horizontal field of view • 30 degree vertical field of view • Administrator • Evaluated, qualified, and approved

13. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Flight training • Training other than ground training received from an authorized instructor in flight in an aircraft • Ground training • Training other than flight training received from an authorized instructor

14. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Flight simulator/training device • Evaluated, qualified, and approved by the Administrator • Instrument approach • Approach procedure defined by Part 97 • Instrument Training • Received from authorized instructor • Actual or simulated conditions

15. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Knowledge test • Test on aeronautical knowledge areas required for: • Airman certificate • Rating • Can be administered in written form or by computer

16. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Practical test • Test on areas of operations for a certificate, rating, or authorization • Respond to questions and demonstrate maneuvers • In-flight • Flight simulator • Flight training device

17. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Pilot time • Serve as a required pilot flight crewmember • Receive training for authorized instructor • Gives training as an authorized instructor • Aircraft • Flight simulator • Flight training device

18. 61.1 Applicability - Defined • Training time • In flight from an authorized instructor • On ground from an authorized instructor • In a flight simulator or flight training device from an authorized instructor

19. 61.3 Certificate Requirements • Pilot certificate • Valid certificate • Photo ID • Physical possession • Readily accessible in aircraft • Medical certificate • Current and appropriate

20. 61.3 Certificate Requirements • Flight instructor certificate • Valid certificate • Physical possession • Readily accessible in aircraft • Give training required to qualify a person for solo flight and solo cross-country flight • Endorse applicant for • Pilot certificate or rating • Flight instructor certificate or rating • Ground instructor certificate or rating • Endorse pilot logbook for training • Endorse student pilot certificate • Instrument rating • Appropriate aircraft category, class, type and instrument rating • An ATP certificate with the appropriate aircraft category, class, type rating

21. 61.3 Certificate Requirements • Instrument rating • Appropriate aircraft category, class, type and instrument rating • An ATP certificate with the appropriate aircraft category, class, type rating

22. 61.3 Certificate Requirements • Category II or III authorization • Cannot act as PIC or second in command unless hold certificate • Ground instructor certificate • Give ground training required to qualify person for solo flight and solo cross-country flight • Endorse knowledge test for applicant • Endorse pilot book for ground training

23. 61.3 Certificate Requirements • Age limitation • Upon reaching 65th birthday, cannot act as a pilot on a civil airplane of U.S. registry • Inspection of certificate • Must present certificates or authorizations and photo ID upon request from: • Administrator • Authorized representative from the NTSB • Any Federal, State or local law enforcement officer • Authorized representative of the TSA

24. 61.11 Expired Certificate • Same as not having certificates • Application during suspension or revocation • Suspension • May not apply for any certificate, rating, or authorization during the period of suspension • Revocation • May not apply for any certificate, rating, or authorization for 1 year after the date of revocation

25. 61.14 & 61.15 • Refuse to submit to a drug or alcohol test, or • Conviction for violation of any Federal or State statue relating to drugs, or • Motor vehicle action while intoxicated by alcohol or drug • Denial of application for any certificate, rating, or authorization for a period of up to 1 year after the date of such refusal/conviction • Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating or authorization issued

26. 61.14 & 61.15 & 61.16 • A written report required of each motor vehicle action • NLT 60 days after the motor vehicle action • Type of violation • Date of conviction or administrative action • State that holds record • Statement • Refusal to submit report • Denial of an application for up to 1 year • Suspension or revocation of any certificate

27. 61.17 Temporary Certificates • Issued for up to 120 days when a permanent certificate will be issued • Temporary certificate expires • On the expiration date shown • Upon receipt of the permanent certificate • Upon receipt of a notice that the certificate or rating sought is denied or revoked

28. 61.19 Duration of Certificates • Student pilot certificate expires • Not yet reached 40th birthday • 60 calendar months from issue month • After reaching 40th birthday • 24 calendar months from issue month • Other pilot certificates • Issued without specific expiration dates • Flight instructor certificate • 24 calendar months from issue month • Ground instructor certificate • Issued without specific expiration dates • Paper certificates expired on March 31, 2013

29. 61.19 Duration of Certificates • Cat II or Cat III pilot authorization • Pass practical test • Month prior to expiration • Considered passed during expiration month • Expires end of the sixth calendar month after month issued or renewed • Specific type aircraft pilot authorization • At least once every calendar month • In each type aircraft • Cannot be renewed beyond 12 calendar months after practical test

30. 61.23 Medical Certificates • 1st class medical • ATP certificate • Reached 60th birthday serving as pilot flight crewmember in part 121 operations • 2nd class medical • Commercial pilot certificate • 3rd class medical • Private pilot certificate • Recreational pilot certificate • Student pilot certificate • Flight instructor

31. 61.23 Medical Certificates • No medical certificate required • Flight instructor certificate • When not acting as a PIC or serving as a required crewmember • Ground instructor certificate • Serving as an examiner during administration of a check in a flight simulator or flight training device • When taking a practical test in a flight simulator or flight training device

32. 61.23 Medical Certificate Duration 1st class medical OperationAgeCertificate Expires on ATP Under 40 12th month after month on exam ATP 40 or older 6th month after month on exam Commercial any age 12th month after month on exam Tower Op any age 12th month after month on exam Private pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Private pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Flt instructor Under 40 60th month after month on exam Flt instructor 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Student pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Student pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam

33. 61.23 Medical Certificate Duration 2nd class medical OperationAgeCertificate Expires on Commercial any age 12th month after month on exam Tower Op any age 12th month after month on exam Private pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Private pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Flt instructor Under 40 60th month after month on exam Flt instructor 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Student pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Student pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam

34. 61.23 Medical Certificate Duration 3rd class medical OperationAgeCertificate Expires on Private pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Private pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Flt instructor Under 40 60th month after month on exam Flt instructor 40 or older 24th month after month on exam Student pilot Under 40 60th month after month on exam Student pilot 40 or older 24th month after month on exam 61.25 Change of name Current airman certificate Copy of marriage license, court order, or other document

35. 61.29 Lost airman/medical certificate • Letter requesting replacement • Name • Permanent mailing address • Date and place of birth • Information for • Grade • Number • Date of issuance • Class of medical certificate • Circumstance of loss • Facsimile of certificate may be carried for up to 60 days

36. 61.35 Knowledge Tests • Prerequisite • Must have received endorsement, if required, from authorized instructor saying appropriate training accomplished • ATP requires graduation certificate • After 31 July 2014 • Identification • Photograph • Signature • Date of birth (age requirement of certificate) • Residential address (if different than mailing)

37. 61.35 Knowledge Tests • Not requiring endorsements • ATP • Certified Flight Instructor • Fundamentals of Instruction • Military Competency • Foreign Pilot Instrument • Certified Ground Instructor

38. 61.37 Tests - Cheating • Prohibited for 1 year from date of committing act from: • Applying for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued • Applying for and taking any test • Any certificate or rating held may be suspended or revoked.

39. 61.39 Practical Tests - Prerequisites • Applicant must: • Pass required knowledge test within the 24-calendar month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test • Present knowledge test report at time of application • Satisfactorily accomplished required training and obtained aeronautical experience prescribed for certificate • If medical certificate is required, hold at least a current 3rd class medical certificate

40. 61.39 Practical Tests - Prerequisites • Applicant must: • Meet required age requirement for the issuance of the certificate • If endorsement required, an authorized instructor has signed and certified applicant • has received and logged training time within 2 calendar months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test • Is prepared for the practical test • Demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which the applicant was deficient on the knowledge test • Have a completed and signed application form

41. 61.41 Flight Training Received • Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated by FAA • May credit flight training if received from: • Flight instructor of an Armed Force in a program for training military pilots of either • The United States • Foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation** **A foreign instructor may give training, but a foreign instructor can NOT endorse a person for satisfactory completion

42. 61.43 Practical Tests - Procedures • Test is based on the applicant’s ability to safely: • Perform tasks specified for certificate or rating • Demonstrate mastery of aircraft by performing each task successfully • Demonstrate proficiency and competency within the approved standards • Demonstrate sound judgment • Demonstrate single-pilot proficiency, if applicable

43. 61.43 Practical Tests - Procedures • Fail any area of operation, applicant fails the practical test • Not eligible for certificate/rating until all areas of operations are passed • Examiner may discontinue test if: • Applicant fails one or more areas of operation • Inclement weather, aircraft worthiness, or any other safety-of-flight concern

44. 61.43 Practical Tests - Procedures • If discontinued, applicant is entitled credit for areas passed if: • Remainder of test is passed with the 60-day period • Presents to examiner original notice of disapproval form • Satisfactorily accomplishes any additional training needed with appropriate instructor endorsements • Give retest examiner completed and signed application

45. 61.49 Retest After Failure • May reapply only after applicant has: • Received necessary training from an authorized instructor and determined to be proficient to pass the test • Received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave additional training • Flight instructor certificate failure • If due to deficiencies in instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, or spin recovery • There must be an actual demonstration of the maneuvers **Failure for any reason used up an endorsement

46. 61.51 Pilot Logbook • Must document and record: • Training and aeronautical experience used to meet requirements for a certificate • Aeronautical experience required to meet recent flight experience • Pilot time • Solo flight time • PIC/SIC flight time • Instrument flight time • Training time • Presentation of required documents

47. 61.51 Pilot Logbook • Must document and record: • General • Date • Total flight time or lesson time • Location where aircraft departed and arrived (For flight Training Device or Flight Simulator, location where lesson occurred) • Type & ID of aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device • Name of safety pilot, if required By 91.109

48. 61.51 Pilot Logbook Entries • Type of pilot experience or training • Solo • Pilot in Command/Second in Command • From authorized instructor • Flight and Ground training • Training received in a flight simulator or FTD • Conditions of flight • Day or night • Actual instrument • Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, or a flight training device • **See Part 61 pages 70 – 73 for what flight time can be logged and requirements

49. 61.51 Pilot Logbook Entries • Pilot-in-command flight time • Sole manipulator of controls of an aircraft • Sole occupant of the aircraft • Acting as PIC when more than one pilot is required under aircraft certification • Airline Transport Pilot • Log PIC time all flight time while acting as PIC • Authorized instructor • Log PIC time all flight time while acting as instructor

50. 61.51 Pilot Logbook Entries • Pilot-in-command flight time • Student pilot • Sole occupant of aircraft • Performing duties of PIC with more than pilot is required under aircraft certification • Current solo endorsement • Undergoing training for a pilot certificate or rating