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Russian Fish Industry Survey: Harvesting, Farming, and Trade

This presentation provides insights into the fish industry in Russia, covering topics such as raw material production, processing, markets, fleet, exports, and more. Key issues like poaching, the new quota system, fish farming dynamics, and the fishing fleet are discussed, along with trade statistics and major export and import sources.

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Russian Fish Industry Survey: Harvesting, Farming, and Trade

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  1. Eurofish presentation 28 October 2005 Reykjavík, Iceland by Victor Hjort Ann-Mari Haram

  2. Survey of the Fish Industry in Russia

  3. Terms of Reference Raw materials Production/Processing Markets Fleet On-shore plants Exports Harvesting Farming Imports Consumption Retail/Catering/ restaurants I n v e s t m e n t s Equipment Distribution Quality The legal framework Insights

  4. The Team + IFC

  5. The Report and this Presentation • The report follows the ToRs closely • This presentation: 60 minutes in total. Our objective is to present some highlights and some details from the report • The presentation complements the report

  6. Statistics & Data • Sources • Accuracy and relevance • Annexes

  7. FISH HARVESTINGOne of the world’s 10 top producers

  8. Fish and seafood harvest in 1999-2004 ( million tonnes) Source:Rosstat

  9. The main species(in 2003, '000 tonnes) Source: FAO *Mackerel catches: Atka mackerel included

  10. Fish and seafood harvest by zones in 2003, % Source:VNIERKH

  11. 5 MAIN FISHING ZONES/ BASINS Primary fish production (in ‘000 tonnes) * Estimate

  12. Total Allowable Catch (TAC) – • Utilisation of resources (2003) Source:VNIERKH

  13. Poaching “Over 75% of Russian Far East seafood smuggled” Intrafish, 22.09.05 “Russia, South Korea mull co-operation to fight illegal fish trade” Intrafish, 28.09.05 “Russians admit grand-scale fishery fraud –Groups of fishermen in north- west Russia admitted they fish much more cod than their quota allow” Intrafish, 19.08.05 “Illegal cod fishing a growing problem in Barents Sea” Intrafish, 12.08.05

  14. ICES – unreported catches of cod “Estimates on unreported catches of cod in 2002- 2004 indicate that this is a considerable problem. Unreported landings of cod are estimated at 90 000, 115 000, and 90 000tonnes in 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively, i.e. 20% in addition to official landing statistics.”

  15. THE NEW QUOTASYSTEM The Federal Law “on Fishery and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources” No.166-FZ of 20 December 2004 (the law on fisheries) Quota auctions (2003) - Allocations based on 5 year track record • Quotas used less than 50% over 2 years are withdrawn and reallocated through auctions • Auctions for new fisheries • Resource fees introduced Multiannual quotas of at least 5 years (2004)

  16. Likely developments in the quota system • Simplification of quota procedures • Regulations for implementation for quota transfers -2005? 2006? In the meantime, the quotas are sold unofficially • Foreign access to Russian quotas

  17. Key issues • Better use and better management of fish stocks in the Russian EEZ? • Better fleet management? • Consolidation of the fishing industry? • Degree of foreign ownership?

  18. FISH FARMING Strong potential?

  19. Dynamics of Russian fish farming (1991-2003, ‘000 tonnes) Source:Victor V. Ivin, Institute of Marine Biology,Vladivostok

  20. Species Freshwater culture • Carp, rainbow trout, whitefish, sturgeon. Mariculture • Molluscs, seaweeds and other organisms. Main species: mussels, oysters, scallops and kelp. • Marine farming of finfish is not widely developed but can become more important.

  21. Fish feed imports (tonnes) Source:GTK

  22. Fish farming equipment • Today: out-dated and non-specialised equipment • The need /demand for foreign equipment is there. Price? • Second-hand equipment from abroad. (2004:4.3 million USD) Demand for: • equipment for aeration • isothermal tanks for live transportation • feeding equipment • basins

  23. Key issues • Production target 2006: 600 000 tonnes ? • Legislation? • New equipment? • Financing and foreign investors? • Competition from other fish farming countries? • Market demand?

  24. THE FISHING FLEETOld and outdated or dynamic?

  25. Key figures Beginning of 2005: 5 531 units with a total capacity of 4 939 600 hp Structure of the larger fleet by type of vessel 70 % of total processing capacity is on-board Source:Russian maritime register

  26. Table 9: Age of fishing vessels, year end Old and Outdated? Age of fishing vessels, year end (number of large vessels over 55 kW) Source:VNIRO

  27. Equipment & Manufacture • Processing technology • 70% share of capacity declining, partly due to age – 25% domestic origin • Imports 2004: 4.3 million USD (Germany, Korea, Japan, DK, N, ISL) • Fishing gear – Competitive domestic net industry • Asian and European suppliers • Coastal vessels • Potential developments

  28. Key issues • Ship-owners confident in future? • Potential for modernisation/renewal? • Demand for new processing technology • Distant fisheries costly to operate • Financing and foreign investors?

  29. TRADEA Big Player

  30. Seafood exports from the Russian Federation ( '000 tonnes ) Source:Vnierkh

  31. Transhipments(fish exports, ‘000 tonnes) Source: GTK and Rosstat

  32. Major export markets (%) Source:Rosstat

  33. Booming Imports Source:State Customs Committee (GTK)* Preliminary data

  34. The major import sources • Norway - 36.0% • Great Britain - 7.1% • Mauritania - 5.6% • Iceland - 4.8%

  35. The Trade Regime • Import regulations - Import requirements - Practical aspects - Current tariffs/future tariffs following WTO accession - ”Imports” of fish caught by Russian vessels - Import measures - The case of Kaliningrad - FEZ

  36. Import duties

  37. The Trade Regime cont. • Export regulations - Export tariffs Declared aim: More of the Russian seafood harvest to be processed in Russia! Higher degree of processing of Russian seafood exports!

  38. Future developments in trade flows • Exports Asia? EU? Norway? The domestic market? Processed seafood? • Imports The example of herring? New species and new suppliers? Retail sector? Globalisation!

  39. Key issues • More Russian seafood processed by Russian on-shore plants? Influence on the trade regime? • WTO-membership? More stable trade regime_ • Free Trade Agreements ?

  40. BOOMING MARKET

  41. Auchan, Moscow, March 2005

  42. Source: RetailPlanet

  43. Source: RetailPlanet

  44. Annual per capita consumption of seafood Kilo Year Source: Rosstat

  45. Consumption of seafood in Russiaper capita in 2002 (round weight, kg) Source:FAO Nutrition Database

  46. The Russian consumer • Typical Tatjana and Ivan? • Price versus quality • Urban versus rural • Diversity

  47. Key issues • Continued economic growth? • Continued growth in retail? • Better distribution? • Regionalism? • More variety? New products, new suppliers?

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