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Ecological Succession :

Ecological Succession :. Succession –series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time Land Ecosystems 1. Primary 2. Secondary Aquatic Ecosystems Eutrophication. 1. Primary Succession. Begins in a place without any soil (usually after a natural disaster )

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Ecological Succession :

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  1. Ecological Succession: • Succession –series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time • Land Ecosystems 1. Primary 2. Secondary • Aquatic Ecosystems • Eutrophication

  2. 1. Primary Succession • Begins in a place without any soil (usually after a natural disaster) • Sides of volcanoes • Landslides • Flooding • Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive • Called PIONEER SPECIES

  3. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu http://www.saguaro-juniper.com/

  4. Primary Succession cont’d • Soil starts to form as lichens and the forces of weather and erosion help breakdown rocks into smaller pieces • When lichens die, they decompose, adding small amounts of organic matter to the rock to make soil

  5. http://www.life.uiuc.edu

  6. Primary Succession cont’d • Simple plants like mosses and ferns can grow in the new soil http://www.uncw.edu http://uisstc.georgetown.edu

  7. Primary Succession cont’d… • The simple plants die, adding more organic material • The soil layer thickens, and grasses, wildflowers, and other plants begin to take over http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu

  8. Primary Succession • These plants die, and they add more nutrients to the soil • Shrubs and trees can survive now http://www.rowan.edu

  9. Primary Succession • Insects, small birds, and mammals have begun to move in • What was once bare rock now supports a variety of life!!! http://p2-raw.greenpeace.org

  10. Secondary Succession • Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms • Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession • Example: after forest fires, after harvest • *SKIPS step 1 of primary succession

  11. http://www.geo.arizona.edu

  12. Climax Community • A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the successionprocess • Can remain for many years if undisturbed by humans or natural disasters • High levels of biodiversity • Does not always mean big trees • Grasses in prairies • Cacti in deserts • Mature coral reefs

  13. Aquatic Ecosystems • Freshwater ecosystems • Sediment & decomposing organisms slowly build up on the bottoms of ponds, lakes, and wetlands • Eutrophication: process of body of water becoming rich in nutrients • Eventually, the water disappears and the area becomes land!

  14. Aquatic Succession The process where water becomes full of nutrients is known as…..

  15. How do Changes in Ecosystems Affect Organisms’ Survival??? • Extreme or long-lasting changes? • Most don’t survive • But….those with beneficial adaptations will! • Focus: Piney Woods region

  16. WILDFIRE!

  17. WILDFIRE! • Bluestem Grass- blades burn, but underground roots remain unharmed • Pine Snake- escape by seeking shelter underground in gopher burrow • Longleaf Pine Seedling- heat releases steam from needles to extinguish fire • Woodpecker- fly to safety • Pine trees- thick scales on bark fall off as they burn, taking heat with them

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