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Unit 4

Unit 4. Amplification Adding Word(s) 增词法 ( 增译法). 英文拼音混着用 , 路牌翻译蒙查查. 问题 1 : 一个地点几种翻译 -- 奥林匹克体育中心公交总站 Aolinpike Tiyuzhongxin Bus Terminal Olympic Sports Center Bus Station Olympic Center Bus Terminal 问题 2 :英文站牌汉语报站 TianHe TiYuZhongXin Tianhe Sports Center. 《 公共场所双语标识英文译法规范 》.

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Unit 4

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  1. Unit 4 Amplification Adding Word(s) 增词法 (增译法)

  2. 英文拼音混着用, 路牌翻译蒙查查 • 问题1: 一个地点几种翻译 • --奥林匹克体育中心公交总站 • Aolinpike Tiyuzhongxin Bus Terminal • Olympic Sports Center Bus Station • Olympic Center Bus Terminal • 问题2:英文站牌汉语报站 • TianHe TiYuZhongXin • Tianhe Sports Center

  3. 《公共场所双语标识英文译法规范》 • 1. 方位词含指示方向意义时应译成英文-- • Dongfeng Road West • (错:Dongfeng West Road/Dongfeng Xi Lu) • 2. 序数词的英文写法采用上标形式: 1st, 2nd, 3rd等-- • 中山二路 Zhongshan 2nd Rd. • 3. 特有名词如“岗、涌、坊、里”用汉语拼音--Guihuagang / Zhuangyuanfang

  4. 翻译不必完全“西化”(英译) • 地名的英译存在误区,以为一定要“西化”或“英语化”。其实关键在于统一标准。 • 路,街,大道: • 法语 Rue, Boulevard • 德语 Strasse • 意大利语 Via

  5. 增词法 • 根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言的句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词。 • 这里的增加不是无中生有,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的部分。切忌画蛇添足,任意发挥! • 理论上可增加任何词,包括名词、动词、形容词或别的词类。但在什么时候增加什么词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定的界限,则需要悉心体会。

  6. A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。 一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。 一本书,如果紧紧合上而不读,只是一叠废纸。 闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 • Success is often just an idea away. 成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 成功往往只是一念之差。 成功与否往往只是一念之差。 成败往往在于一念之间。

  7. 1. 增加名词 • 1)在抽象名词后增加范畴词(category word) • 某些抽象名词是由动词或形容词派生出来的,翻译时可根据上下文在后面增加范畴词,使译文更合乎汉语的表达规范。 • administration 管理部门 • application 使用场合 • computation 计算技术 • damage 破坏情况 • imagination 想象力 • jealousy 嫉妒心理 • irregularities 越轨行为 • tension 紧张局势 • complexity 复杂局面 • indifference 冷漠态度 • madness 疯狂行为 • segregation 隔离措施

  8. A)He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 B )We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我们取得了一些成就,但还要防止自满情绪。

  9. C)From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain conditions. 人们从水的蒸发现象了解到,液体在一定条件下能变成气体。 D)The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

  10. 2)在具体名词后增加名词 • 当具体名词表示抽象概念时,根据上下文增加适当的名词。 • He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. • 法官的职责战胜了父子的感情,他判决了他儿子有罪。

  11. 3) 在名词前增加表达复数的词 • 汉语中的名词没有复数概念,也没有词形上的变化,很多情况下不必表达出来;而英语中的名词有词形的变化,却没有量词,所以在翻译成汉语时,可根据情况增加重叠词、数词、或其他一些词来表达复数的概念,使译文符合汉语习惯。 • Flowers bloom all over the yard. • 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院. • The lion is the king of animals. • 狮是百兽之王. • The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. • 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。

  12. 4)形容词前加名词 • A)He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy(忧郁) streak(特征). • 他是个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常、反复多变、有些郁郁寡欢。 • B) Cowboys had to be skillful and strong. They had to be skilled horsemen and good gunmen. • 牛仔要身强艺高,能骑善射。

  13. C) This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这种新型计算机的确是价廉物美。 • D) He is rather dishonest and you can’t trust him. 他这个人不诚实。你不能信任他。

  14. 5)不及物动词后加名词 • 把隐含的宾语翻译出来 • Wash before meal. 饭前洗手 . • He never smokes or drinks. 他从不吸烟,也不喝酒。 • “Wash before going to bed,” said Mother to her little son. 妈妈对她的小儿子说,“睡觉之前要洗脚/洗澡。

  15. Connect HVAC unit with a vacuum pump, vacuuming until vacuity is 0.6mbar (gauge pressure) • 把HVAC组件与真空泵连接,抽空里面的气体,直到HVAC组件的气压为0.6毫巴(表压)。

  16. 2. 增加动词 • 1)名词前增加动词, 使意思更明确,读起来通顺自然,符合汉语习惯. • The wealth of students’ talent, application and industry are currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about. • 学生们的天赋、专心和勤奋(省译了“wealth”一词)现在正被浪费在攻读一些无人感兴趣的文凭和学位课程上。

  17. During the dielectric test, a high voltage is in existence, which is extremely dangerous, therefore it can only be performed in an isolated area locked by 2 doors, without closing them which are electrically connected with the test instrument, test can not be performed. Besides, the operator must step on insulation blanket wearing rubber shoes. • 在进行绝缘试验中,由于电压高,危险很大,因此只能在封闭区域内进行试验,要锁上两道门。这两道门通过电路与试验仪连接在一起,如果不关上,试验无法进行。而且,试验操作员一定要穿着橡胶鞋,站在绝缘毡上。

  18. 2)补译原文省略的动词 • A) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. • 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。 • B) He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. • 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。

  19. C) We don’t retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不后退,我们从没有后退过,将来也决不后退。 • D) I have never been to Jamaica, nor have my brother. 我从来没有去过牙买加,我弟弟也没有去过。

  20. 3. 增加概括词 • A) They talked about inflation, unemployment, financial investment and environmental protection. • 他们谈到了通货膨胀、失业、金融投资以及环境保护等问题。 • B) China and Great Britain arrived at an agreement on exchange students. • 中英双方就两国之间交换留学生问题达成了一项协议。

  21. C) The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. • 这个大厅有四大优点:明亮、宽敞、外观新颖、没有回声。 • D) As agreed, the terms of payment for the above orders are letters of credit. • 双方/有关各方一致同意,上述货款以信用证方式支付。

  22. . 4. 增补表示逻辑关系的词 • A) The worst pen is better than the best memory. • 即使是最差的笔也好过最好的记忆力。 • B) Anybody who wants to study in Guangwai must pass the university entrance exams with very high marks. • 任何人想到广外读书都必须通过大学入学考试,并取得高分。

  23. C) Some said opportunity was necessary for success, and millions never had it. • 有人说机遇是获得成功所必需的,然而千千万万的人却从来没有得到过它。 • D) The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. • 即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。

  24. 5. 增补原文比较句中的省略部分 • Chalk is used to write on the blackboard while a pen on paper. 粉笔是用来在黑板上写字,而钢笔是用来在纸上写字的。 • I pet a dog while my sister a parrot. 我养了一只狗做宠物,而我妹妹养了一只鹦鹉。

  25. 6. 增补名词的逻辑谓语动词(已名词化)和宾语补足语,使句子符合汉语的表达法. • Imagine a time before the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and even the Environmental Protection Agency. 很难想象《空气净化法》、《水净化法》、《濒危物种保护法》的颁布(增加已名词化的逻辑谓语动词)甚至环保机构建立(增加已名词化的逻辑谓语动词)以前的情况怎么样(增加宾语补语)。 I wanted it to be a day of sentiment, not profit. 我原想让它成为一个表达亲情的日子,而不是谋求商业利润的日子(增加名词的逻辑谓语动词)。

  26. 在表示比较关系的句子中,增加表示解释说明的词语(形容词或动词),使句子的意思更加明了。在表示比较关系的句子中,增加表示解释说明的词语(形容词或动词),使句子的意思更加明了。 • A) Parks are to the city as lungs are to the body. 公园对于城市,正如肺对于身体一样重要。 • B) As two is to three, four is to six. 四比六等于二比三。

  27. 7. 增加原文被动语态中省略的动词的逻辑主语 • The excesses committed by the troops when they occupied the city will never be forgotten. • 这支部队在占领这个城市期间所犯的罪行(暴行),人们永远不会忘记。 • The mice which haunted my house were not the common ones which are said to have been introduced into the country, but a wild native kind not found in the village. • 出没于我屋中的小鼠不是人们所说的从外面带到本地来的那种普通老鼠,而是一种村里看不到的本乡本土的野鼠。

  28. 8. 增加量词 • 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 • A)Shakespeare was a well-known playwright in the history of English literature. 莎士比亚是英国文学史上一位著名的剧作家。 • B) The light from a laser is like a pencil of light in that it has nearly parallel sides. • 激光像一束光,光束的两侧几乎是平行的。

  29. 9. 增加表示时态的词 • 英语动词的时态靠动词词形变化或加助动词来表示时态的变化,汉语动词没有词形变化,表达时态要靠增加汉语特有的时态助词或一般表示时间的词,如“曾、已经、过、了、正在、将”等。 • The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 该高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。 • I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time was. 以往我从未想过,当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时,我会感到高兴。但这次情况确实如此。

  30. 10. 增加副词 • 为了确切地表达原意,有些动词在一定场合可根据原文的上下文增加适当的副词。 • To make sure that my parents understood, I declared that I wanted nothing else. • 为了让父母切实了解我的心思,我特意宣布,别的我什么也不想要。 • He sank down with his face in his hands. • 他两手蒙着脸,一屁股坐了下去。

  31. 11.从修辞上考虑增词 • 1)增加语气助词 • Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke. • 不要太认真嘛!这只不过是开个玩笑而已。 • Away flies the arrow! • 箭飞走了! • 箭嗖的一声飞走了! • 嗖——,箭飞走了!

  32. 2)增加四字对偶词组或叠词 • A) But there had been too much publicity about my case. • 但我的事那时已经搞得满城风雨,人人皆知了。 • B) The manager was a nervous anxious little man, always ready to cry wolf if the shop takings went down a pound or two. • 经理是个身材矮小、神经过敏、焦虑不安的人。只要商店营业收入下降一两镑,他就要大喊大叫。

  33. 12. 从文化差异上考虑增词 • 1).增加比喻(谚语)的寓意 • A) Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. • 俗话说,壁橱里面藏骷髅,见不得人的事家家有。 • B) Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. • 规劝对他好象水过鸭背不起作用。 • C) The blond boy quickly crossed himself. • 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字,祈求上帝保佑。

  34. 2).增加背景信息 • Le Monde, the B. B. C. , the New York Times, the entire Arab press, all quote him at length. • 法国《世界报》、英国广播公司、美国《纽约时报》以及整个阿拉伯报界,都经常大量引用他的话。 • B) 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。 • Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind. • C) 班门弄斧 • Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter.

  35. How do you translated the following? • 1. Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can’t compare inintricacy(复杂)with the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. What’s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex structure. • 即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑,其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万,而不是上百亿、上千亿。更重要的是,电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置,而人脑细胞本身却有着极其复杂的内部结构。

  36. 2. The downside of alcohol consumption, the Heart Association said, include alcoholism, high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, suicide, and accidents. The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence criticized the new labels because they “could potentially be disastrous” for people who have difficulty limiting their alcohol intake. The Council said the government should have defined “moderate drinking” in the labeling. 酒类消费呈下降趋势,心脏病协会称,包括酒精中毒、高血压、过度肥胖、中风、自杀及酒后肇事等原因。酒精中毒和毒瘾全国治疗协会对酒瓶上贴这种新标签提出了批评,因为,对于难以控制饮酒量的人来说,这些标签“会带来潜在的灾难性后果”。该协会说,政府本该在这种新标签上标明“适量饮酒”的字样。

  37. 3) As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a ‘drilling rig(钻机)’is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called a ‘derrick(井架)’. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is truck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. • 因为石油深埋在地下,靠研究地面,不能确定石油的有无。因此,对地下岩层结构必须进行地质勘探。如果认为某地区的岩层含有石油,那就在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管,把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时,放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油,则在油管顶部紧固地加盖,使石油通过一系列阀门流出。

  38. 课本35页英译汉技巧课前预习题参考译文 • 39所大专院校开设了地理专业的学位课程,但我从来没有见过向地理专业毕业生提供好工作的招聘广告(或者:但我从来没有见过广告中有哪份好工作招聘地理专业毕业生)。难道只有我一个人相信这些毕业生将回到学校教地理(此处删减了“另一批学生”)而他们的学生又将教授更多的地理专业学生(似乎没有必要明确他们教的是“本科生”)?现在只有十所大学开设了航空工程专业的学位课程,考虑到飞机制造业方面不断增加的富余员工,也许这都有点多。另一方面,全国的医院(重症)急救室因为缺少医生都快关门了。原因何在?大学医学院只能给报考的一半学生提供学习机会。依我看,是时候让就业部门和教育部门与各大学携起手来,改革现行教育制度,以便更加合理地利用学生们的天赋、专心和勤奋,而这一切现在正被浪费在攻读一些无人感兴趣的文凭和学位课程上。

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