MDGs, Development Challenges and Opportunities A Regional Profile

1. MDGs, Development Challenges and Opportunities A Regional Profile Jean-Etienne Chapron Statistical Division UN Economic Commission For Europe

2. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger • Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education • Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women

3. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

4. Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger % of Population below $1 (1993PP) a day

5. Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger • Is the $1 threshold relevant in Southeast European countries ? • The use of national poverty lines is recommended. • The Albanian case shows that incidence of poverty is very different in urban and rural areas.

6. Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger % of underweight children under 5 years of age (1995 – 2000)

7. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger • Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education • Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women

8. Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Gross enrolment ratio in primary education (2000)

9. Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5

10. Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education • Southeast European countries are very close to the achievement of universal primary education. • The development challenge might be elsewhere. See the following table on secondary level.

11. Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Net enrolment ratio at secondary level

12. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger • Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education • Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women

13. Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education

14. Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Share of women in non-agricultural employment

15. Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (2002)

16. Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women • The elimination of gender disparity in education is almost achieved in Southeast Europe. • In the context of significant unemployment, the share of women in non-agricultural employment has not decreased. • It is necessary to add information on the nature of jobs of women, and the level of their wages in comparison to men. • The participation of women in political power is fairly limited in all seven countries.

17. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

18. Goal 4. Reduce child mortality Under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2000)

19. Goal 4. Reduce child mortality Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births

20. Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Under-five and infant mortality have been significantly reduced in the recent years in Southeast European countries. • There is still a gap between Southeast Europe and Western Europe.

21. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

22. Goal 5. Improve maternal health Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births(1995)

23. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

24. Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases New AIDS cases reported

25. Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis per 100,000 population (2000)

26. Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Southeast European countries are experiencing a dramatic increase of HIV/AIDS epidemic, similarly to Eastern Europe and Central Asia. • However, statistics of reported new cases are subject to social and cultural bias, which may impact the reliability of growth rates.

27. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

28. Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

29. Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source (2000)

30. Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation (2000)

31. Millennium Development Goals • Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

32. Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development • The majority of targets associated to this goal are specific to least developed countries, Africa, landlocked countries, and small island developing countries. • Strategies for decent and productive work for youth will be adressed by ILO in the future years. Some aspects may be relevant to Southeast European countries.