Lesson 2

1. Lesson 2

2. Lets revise from our last lesson before we start... A life style disease is an illness that exists because of human factors that include the way we live. These diseases could be prevented with proper nutrition or lifestyle changes.

3. Watch the following clip... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5rita8a9_E

4. What habits did this character have that influenced his health? • Which organs were affected by these habits? • What positive habits could have been implimented to improve his health?

5. Top Natural killers in South Africa in 2016 At NO 1 we have TB- Tuberculosis Killing 1 out of every 8 South Africans. At NO 2 we have Diabetes Killing 1 out of every 11 South Africans. At NO 3 we have Heart Related Diseases killing 1 out of every 13 South Africans.

6. Lets take a closer look at some of the most responsible life style diseases for natural deaths in South Africa.While we are working through these illnesses, complete the missing sections on your worksheets under Activity 3.

7. Tuberculosis TB • How TB is spread? • The TB virus is spread through airborne • Infectious droplets. • Spread through coughing, sneezing or spit. • People living with HIV are at a higher risk. • Symptoms also include: • A cough for two weeks • Blood in the sputum • Fever, with a high temperature and night sweats. • Loss of appetite and chest pain. • Tiredness and shortness of breath

8. Tuberculosis TB • How TB is diagnosed? • Seek medical advice from a hospital or clinic if you recognise any of these symptoms. • Testing is free! This includes exrays to check for spots on your lungs. • Children under 5 that have come in contact must be checked. • Treatment for TB: • Medication must be started as soon as possible and it must be taken regularly according to the instructions. • It takes 6 months for TB to be cured completely, but within 2 weeks of starting treatment, the person will no longer spread the disease. • If treatment / medicine is missed, the risk of a drug resistant strain of TB is possible. Prevention: Eat balanced meals to build up immune system, cover your mouth when coughing and exercise. Avoid alcohol and smoking as it weakens your immune system.

9. HIV and other STIs • How STIs are spread? • STI’s are spread through sexual • contact. • STIs (Sexually Transmitted infections) include: • HIV which causes Aids, HPV (Human papilloma virus) • Which causes cervical/ penile or anal cancer. • STI’s in pregnant woman can cause miscarriages and • Premature deaths. • Symptoms also include: • Flu like syptoms • Fever and weight loss • Skin rash, severe cases include bleading and open sores. • Tiredness and headaches • Loss of appetite, sores in mouth • Discomfort, itching, foul smell around sexual organs.

10. Heart & Circulatory Diseases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_PYnWVoUzM

11. Heart & Circulatory Diseases • What causes heart & circulatory disease? • Who is at risk of a heart attack? • Name 4 syptoms of a heart attack. • What happens in a heart attack? • What can be done to prevent a heart attack?

12. Hypertensionalso known as High Blood Pressure • Why High Blood Pressure occurs? • Heredity, • obesity, lack of exercise, diet -- including salt intake – • cigarette smoking, • sex, race, age, and even personality. • Symptoms also include: • Usually occurs without any symptoms. Its called “The silent killer.” • Headaches, Dizziness, Blurred vision • Shortness of breath • Heart attacks, Strokes, Kidney failure • Damage to your heart, eyes, brain, arteries and kidneys.

13. Hypertensionalso known as High Blood Pressure • Treatment for Hypertension: • May include: • diuretics (help decrease the amount of fluids in the body by increasing urine output), • beta-blockers (help prevent vaso-constriction due to central nervous system responses) and others. • Prevention: • Reduce salt in-take. • You may also need to take high blood pressure medications to control your blood pressure. • Lifestyle changes include losing weight, increasing exercise or physical activity level, avoiding environmental pollutants such as second hand smoke, avoiding overuse of narcotics and/ or alcohol, and watching the amount of sodium, fat and cholesterol in your diet.

14. Cancer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQIbIpjWEmc

15. Cancer

17. Povertyincreases the risk of lifestyle disease because: • The poor often do not have enough money to get to clinincs for help or buy healthy food to build immune systems. They cannot afford time off work to get health care and rest. • They cannot afford enough food often resulting in nutritional deficient which weakens the imune system. A person is at risk of diseases like TB. • Cooking with oil and reusing it often. This can lead to cancer. • Women sometimes engage in sex to survive, young girls take on ”Suger Daddys”. In exchange for money and financial security they provide sex. This increases the chance of STI’s and HIV.

18. Gender imbalancesincrease the risk of lifestyle disease • Poverty and gender roles are often closely related. • Gender roles include the percieved responsibilities that men and women assign to one another in society. When discrimination towards men or women exists resulting in unequal power relationships there is the risk of life style diseases. • Consider the following possibilities: • Women are more likely to be raped and contract HIV or experience gender violence. • Many young girls or boys are sold for sexual pleasures to bring income into the family.