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Warm-up for 02.06.12. Create a simile. Reconstruction is like….
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Warm-up for 02.06.12 Create a simile. Reconstruction is like…
RECONSTRUCTION STANDARD:SS8H6.c - Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen's Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans;13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.
Reconstruction Reconstruction= the process of transforming and bringing back former Confederate states into the United States after the Civil War BEFORE AFTER
Reconstruction is like reconstructive surgery! Reconstructive surgery = the use of surgery to restore the form and function of the body BEFORE AFTER
RECONSTRUCTION… gone RIGHT!
RECONSTRUCTION… gone WRONG! Sorry MJ
C President Lincoln’s Plan • Lincoln wanted to rebuild and return the south to the Union as soon as possible • His plan was called the 10% plan • “Reconstruction” would have two parts: • Southerners would be pardoned after taking an oath of allegiance; • When 10% of voters had taken the oath, the state could rejoin the Union and form a state government.
Where does President Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan fall on the continuum below? Hanged for treason Absolute pardon PARDON = The act of being forgiven for an error or offense • TREASON = The crime of betraying one's country by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government
President Lincoln’s Plan • Lincoln’s plan to reconstruct the South was challenged by “Radical Republicans” who thought the South should be more severely punished. • The Radical Republicans wanted to make sure the freedmen retained their new rights.
A Life Cut Short… • Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865 during a play at Ford’s Theater by actor John Wilkes Booth. • Vice President Andrew Johnson took over as President.
Welcome our new president -President Andrew Johnson • Jacksonian Democrat. • Anti-Aristocrat. • White Supremacist. • Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.
President Johnson’s Plan C • Offered forgiveness to all except high-ranking Confederate officials and those with property over $20,000. • In order for states to come back into the Union, they had to: • Ratify the 13th Amendment
THE 13TH AMMENDMENT • Outlawed slavery • Former Confederate states HAD to ratify in order to be “fully Reconstructed” and allowed back into the Union
President Johnson’s Plan C • Southern states also had to: • 2. Cancel (nullify) documents saying they seceded • 3. Promise not to repay money borrowed during the war. • ____________________________________________________ • Johnson named temporary governors & told them to hold new elections and create new state constitutions.
Where does President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan fall on the continuum below? Hanged for treason Absolute pardon PARDON = The act of being forgiven for an error or offense • TREASON = The crime of betraying one's country by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government
Effects of President Johnson’s Plan C • Many Southern state constitutions did not meet minimum requirements, and President Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. 1. Pardoned, wealthy planters in charge before the Civil War were re-elected and in control of state government again! EFFECT? • With these wealthy, white, Southern Democrats back in power, there is a revival of southern defiance and the creation of BLACK CODES!
Was Georgia one of these states? Yes and no…
The GA Constitutional Convention of 1865 • President Johnson appointed James Johnson as Georgia’s provisional governor. A Constitutional Convention was held, and the representatives voted to abolish slavery and repeal the ordinance of secession. • Elections were held in November 1865 for a new legislature. It was full of white Southern Democrats from before the war. I’M BACK!
C Black Codes • Black Codes were laws passed by former Confederate states to keep whites in power and freedmen from having the same rights as whites. • Didn’t allow blacks: the same jobs as whites, the right to vote, the right to marry a white person, or the right to testify or serve on a jury. • Blacks could be: whipped as punishment, forced to work from sunrise to sunset six days per week, or put in jail if they didn’t have a job.
Report on the killing of freedmen “The number of murders and assaults perpetrated upon Negroes is very great; we can form only an approximate estimate of what is going on in those parts of the South which are not closely garrisoned, and from which no regular reports are received, by what occurs under the very eyes of our military authorities. As to my personal experience, I will only mention that during my two days sojourn at Atlanta, one Negro was stabbed with fatal effect on the street, and three were poisoned, one of whom died. While I was at Montgomery, one negro was cut across the throat evidently with intent to kill, and another was shot, but both escaped with their lives. Several papers attached to this report give an account of the number of capital cases that occurred at certain places during a certain period of time. It is a sad fact that the perpetration of those acts is not confined to that class of people which might be called the rabble. Carl Schurz, "Report on the Condition of the South", December 1865 (U.S. Senate Exec. Doc. No. 2, 39th Congress, 1st session).
