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It’s always darkest just before it goes pitch black. www.despair.com

It’s always darkest just before it goes pitch black. www.despair.com. 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871). Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points. It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change. Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis.

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It’s always darkest just before it goes pitch black. www.despair.com

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  1. It’s always darkest just before it goes pitch black. www.despair.com

  2. 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory  Temporary relief from Rev. turmoil, but also corruption Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power, takes over most of Eur Inadvertently spreads rev’s ideas before his fall in 1815) Fr. undergoes 2 more cycles of monarchy & rev’s (1830 & 1848 Napoleon III seizes power (1851) & develops Fr’s econ. Literate Mid. Cl. That can sustain real democ. Nap. III replaced by 3rd Republic after his defeat in Franco-Prussian War (1871) Stable democ.

  3. Recurring aspects of Revolutions

  4. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: How?

  5. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down

  6. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity

  7. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs.?

  8. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - English Rev?

  9. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - France?

  10. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Russia?

  11. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China

  12. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China 3) Rev’s go from?

  13. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China 3) Rev’s go from arbitrary power to arbitrary power - England?

  14. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China 3) Rev’s go from arbitrary power to arbitrary power - From Charles I to Cromwell in Eng Rev - France?

  15. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China 3) Rev’s go from arbitrary power to arbitrary power - From Charles I to Cromwell in Eng Rev - From Louis XVIJacobinsNapoleon in Fr. Rev. - Russia?

  16. Recurring aspects of Revolutions 1) Like a fever: reach fever pitch & then die down Might recur several times, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes - Charles I in England - Louis XVI in France - Nicholas II in Russia - Qing Dynasty in China 3) Rev’s go from arbitrary power to arbitrary power - From Charles I to Cromwell in Eng Rev - From Louis XVIJacobinsNapoleon in Fr. Rev. - Tsar Nicholas IILenin Stalin in Rus. Rev. - Qing DynastyMao Zedong in China

  17. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points GOOD?

  18. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change BAD?

  19. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong SUCCESS OF REV & WHY? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis

  20. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. WHAT HAPPENS TO 1ST GOVT? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis

  21. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over France’s neighbors?

  22. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong HOW DOES IT GO? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading

  23. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong DOMESTIC IMPACT? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Military defeats

  24. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats

  25. At the height of the revolution’s crisis, it was said Paris and one-quarter of France were fighting against three-fourths of France & the rest of Europe. While a bit of an exaggeration, the pink areas on this map show how the central government in Paris had to deal with significant portions of France being in open rebellion along with fighting against Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Spain.

  26. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong DESPITE TURMOIL, REV. ALSODOES WHAT? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats

  27. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways MILITARY INNOVATIONS?

  28. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics

  29. The revolution in military tactics: attacking in column. The French win a major victory at Fleurus in the Austrian Netherlands in 1794

  30. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong NEW IDEA & ITS IMPORTANCE? 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics

  31. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics

  32. The Cult of the Nation Even before the French Revolution, Europeans were conceiving of the nation in personal terms, portraying it as a young and pure woman for which they would willingly fight and die as martyrs, much as early Christians had been martyred for the Church. Below are several quotations from various men of the 1700s expressing this quasi-religious devotion. “a nation can only regenerate itself in a bath of blood.”—Diderot “I long to die for such a true cause; I wish to expire on the bed of glory; I wish to perish at my post.”-- Kasimir Pulaski ”We are ready to let ourselves be buried under the ruins of our liberties”—Etienne Claviere , Genevan revolutionary “Yes, this delightful land which we inhabit and which nature caresses with love is made to be the domain of liberty and happiness...I am French, I am one of thy representatives!...Oh, sublime people! Accept the sacrifices of my whole being. Happy is the man who is born in your midst; happier is he who can die for your happiness."--Robespierre

  33. Paintings of heroes who died in the nation’s defense were typically portrayed in the same way as Christian martyrs previously had been depicted, such as the death of the French General Desaix (below). Right: The Death of Barra, 1881, glorifying the legendary death of a 13-year old French boy who died defending Napoleon’s cavalry horses from brigands. Some 500,000 copies of this painting were distributed to French school boys to inspire their patriotism

  34. The apotheosis (transformation into deities) of heroes of the nation was a major element of the Cult of the Nation, being bestowed on such leaders as Washington (whose apotheosis is celebrated in the dome of the Capitol building), Franklin (below right), Voltaire (right), Rousseau, and Marat.

  35. The death of the Jacobin leader, Marat, as immortalized in David’s painting, created as potent a martyr for the Jacobin cause as nearly any religious martyr did for his faith.

  36. In addition, ordinary soldiers were also deified, as seen in Girodet’s “The Apotheosis Of The French Heroes Who Died For Their Country”

  37. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land What else did Jacobins do to save Fr? Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics

  38. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics

  39. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror

  40. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory 

  41. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats Even fashions went through radical changes to reflect the revolutionary changes in the rest of society CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory  Temporary relief from Rev. turmoil, but also corruption

  42. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory  Temporary relief from Rev. turmoil, but also corruption Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power, takes over most of Eur Inadvertently spreads rev’s ideas before his fall in 1815)

  43. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory  Temporary relief from Rev. turmoil, but also corruption Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power, takes over most of Eur Inadvertently spreads rev’s ideas before his fall in 1815) Fr. undergoes 2 more cycles of monarchy & rev’s (1830 & 1848 Napoleon III seizes power (1851) & develops Fr’s econ. Literate Mid. Cl. That can sustain real democ.

  44. Recurring aspects of Rev’s 1) Like a fever:feverpitchdie down Might recur sev.X, but w/less severity 2) Rev’s succeed vs. weak-willed regimes -Charles I in Eng -Louis XVI in Fr -Nicholas II in Rus -Qing Dyn in China 3) Rev’s go from arb. power to arb. power -Charles I-> Cromwell -Louis XVIJacobinsNap. -Nicholas IILenin Stalin -Qing DynMao Zedong 13.2 THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1871) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Confusion, frustration & turmoil caused by the transition b/w types of govt. More radical Girondins take over Fr’s neighbors decl. war to stop rev. from spreading Internal turmoil Military defeats CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION CRISIS STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION Despite turmoil, Rev. also frees more radical Jacobins, who take power in 1793, to think & act in new innovative ways Severe measures to restore order: Controlled econ. & Reign of Terror Nationalism French feel they are defending their own land Milit. crisis  Universal draft  huge armies using new tactics Jacobins save France by July, 1794 but Reign of terror Cycle of paranoia< More terror Thermidorean Reaction overthrows Jacobins Conservative Directory  Temporary relief from Rev. turmoil, but also corruption Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power, takes over most of Eur Inadvertently spreads rev’s ideas before his fall in 1815) Fr. undergoes 2 more cycles of monarchy & rev’s (1830 & 1848 Napoleon III seizes power (1851) & develops Fr’s econ. Literate Mid. Cl. That can sustain real democ. Nap. III replaced by 3rd Republic after his defeat in Franco-Prussian War (1871) Stable democ.

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