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THE RENAISSANCE

THE RENAISSANCE. Social Studies 10. DEFINITON. A great revival of classical (Roman and Greek) art, literature and learning in Europe. Renaissance means rebirth or revival. WHERE IT BEGAN. Began in the Italian cities-states The city of Florence would be the heart of the Renaissance.

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THE RENAISSANCE

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  1. THE RENAISSANCE Social Studies 10

  2. DEFINITON • A great revival of classical (Roman and Greek) art, literature and learning in Europe. • Renaissance means rebirth or revival.

  3. WHERE IT BEGAN • Began in the Italian cities-states • The city of Florence would be the heart of the Renaissance. • Florence was under the rule of the powerful Medici banking family.

  4. TIME PERIOD • 14TH – 16TH centuries

  5. HOW DID SPREAD • The Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe via the printing press. • Before books copied hand on expensive parchment made from the skin of sheep or goats. A simple book could take 6 months to complete.

  6. HOW DID SPREAD • Paper came from the Chinese to Arabs and reached Europe in the 1300’s. • Printing began in Europe in Germany and other northern countries. • They carved the letters and words in wooden blocks then inked and pressed them.

  7. HOW DID SPREAD • 15th century: movable type was introduced (small wooden blocked engraved with individual letters that could be rearranged) • The printing press was a new invention perfected by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany in 1453. • Printed first addition of the Bible • He used metallic movable type to print written works. • The printing press allowed books and writing to reach a mass audience because they could now be mass produced. • Knowledge and learning exploded

  8. GUTTENBURG AND PRINTING PRESS

  9. WHO • Artists, writers and scholars (beginning in Italy) who admired classical works • Wanted to recreate the work of their ancestors. • well-known (celebrities) • Great patrons of the arts (individuals, governments, the Roman Catholic Church) sponsored these artists, writers and scholars or commissioned their works.

  10. FOCUS AND PHILOSOPHY • The concept of HUMANISM: focus on human concern and classics • Emphasis on human ability • Studied humanities (grammar, rhetoric or public speaking, poetry, history) • Embraced life in all forms unlike their medieval counterparts who saw it as heresy to study pagan (non-Christian) ideas and achievements • Sought to improve humanity and society through enlightened education and action • An optimistic, self-confident and creative

  11. MEDIEVAL ART • Most art was in manuscripts and tapestries • Stressed divine • Symbolic qualities • 2 dimensional • Plain, flat background • No real large scale painting

  12. Renaissance painting • Development of 3 dimensional perspective • Use of mythological symbols and nudes again in art • Focus on human qualities instead of divine • Giotti de Bondore – 1st the paint life-life, 3D figure

  13. BOTTICELLI • Painted one of the first female nudes • “The Birth of Venus”

  14. RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE • Revived classical ideals of beauty and proportions of the human form • Sculptors carefully studied human anatomy and made life like statues that accurately showed muscles and joints. • Sculptures of nudes (not seen since ancient times)

  15. MICHELANGELO • One of the greatest Renaissance sculptors • “Each act, each limb, each bone [is] given life, and lo, man’s body is raised breathing, alive, in wax or clay or stone.” • Most famous sculpture is the statue of David in Florence.

  16. THE STATUE OF DAVID

  17. DONATELLO (1386 – 1466) • Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi • Considered one of the greatest sculptors of all time and founder of modern sculpture • Born in Florence • His “David” was the first nude statue of the Renaissance • Gattamelata was considered one of the best proportioned statues

  18. DONATELLO

  19. ARCHITECTURE • Constructing symmetrical buildings, domes, columns, friezes, etc… in the style of ancient architecture

  20. THE DUOMO • Third largest domed cathedral in the world • Located in Florence • Designed by Brunelleschi • Octagonal dome

  21. THE DUOMO

  22. ST. PETER’S BASILICA • Largest domed cathedral in the world • Completed by Michelangelo when he was 70 years old • Borrowed ideas from Brunelleschi to complete it • Located in the Vatican • Heart of Catholicism

  23. ST PETER’S BASILICA

  24. DOORS OF THE BAPTISTERY OF SAN GIOVANNI • Contest to see who would sculpt the doors • Ghiberti beat Brunelleschi and Donatello • Took him 48 years to sculpt the bronze doors

  25. “RENAISSANCE MAN” • Individuals who excelled in a variety of fields • Two standout artists considered to be Renaissance Men • Leonardo da Vinci • Michelangelo

  26. LEONARDO DA VINCI1452 -1519 • Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci • Architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, mathematician, musician, scientist, and painter • Famous for his realistic paintings, such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Sketched plans for a helicopter, a tank, the use of concentrated solar power, a calculator, a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics, the double hull • He studied anatomy (he even dug up corpses to learn how the body worked) • Vitruvian Man is also one of his most famous works • Wrote journals in mirror image (backwards)

  27. THE MONA LISA OR LA JACONDE

  28. Vitruvian Man

  29. SKETCHES OF DA VINCI’S INVENTIONS

  30. THE LAST SUPPER

  31. MICHELANGELO(1475 – 1564) • Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni • Painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer • best-documented artist of the 16th century. • Two of his best-known works, the Pieta and the David, were sculpted in his late twenties to early thirties. • Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential fresco paintings in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. • designed the dome of St Peter's Basilica. • Revolutionized classical architecture with his invention of the giant order of pilasters.

  32. Sistine Chapel

  33. “THE LAST JUDGMENT”

  34. “PIETA”

  35. SCIENCE IN THE RENAISSANCE • Copernicus (Polish astronomer) stated that the sun not the Earth was the centre of the universe • Copernicus and Kepler are considered among the founders of modern astronomy

  36. CAPITALISM • New form economic force • Wealth created by charging interest and by using profits from business to finance more commercial activities • Huge banking families like the Medici's flourished • Venetians were the best at exploiting this new means of gaining wealth

  37. Conclusion • The Renaissance represented a shift towards a more optimistic view on human life and abilities. • Art returned the Classics and the beauty of the human form. • Learning and education became much more popular. • Humanism became a popular philosophy.

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