1 / 21

Basic Microbiology Chapter 3, Section 4

Basic Microbiology Chapter 3, Section 4. Health Technologies II Mr. Kestner. Basic Microbiology. The science that studies living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye A microscope is only way to view the millions of tiny creatures living in our environment

markku
Download Presentation

Basic Microbiology Chapter 3, Section 4

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Basic MicrobiologyChapter 3, Section 4 Health Technologies II Mr. Kestner

  2. Basic Microbiology • The science that studies living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye • A microscope is only way to view the millions of tiny creatures living in our environment • They are found almost everywhere on planet • They are on our skin, in the air we breathe, on every surface we touch, and even inside our bodies

  3. Microbiology • Are also referred to as microbes, or more commonly, germs, especially to laypeople (layperson: one not in the field – in this case, those without a science background) • Usually do not notice microorganisms until they cause physical illness • We often forget microbes play beneficial role in human health; benefits are greater than problems created by microbes

  4. Problems v. Benefits • PROBLEMS • Various infections in human beings and animals are caused by microorganisms • BENEFITS • They prevent exposure to other harmful microorganisms • They support production of bread, cheese, yogurt, beer, and several other foods and beverages • They contribute to health of soil for farming • They aid in purifying waste water

  5. Nature of Microorganisms • Small number of microorganisms, called pathogens, cause disease • Most are harmless, called non-pathogens • Some may be pathogenic in one situation, and not in others (e.g., Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium), certain varieties cause diarrhea • Normally in intestinal tract, breaks down waste, aids in synthesis of Vit K (helps control bleeding) • If E. coli moves to another part of body, major problems result

  6. Factors influencing growth • Whether microorganism is harmful or beneficial, it needs favorable conditions to grow • Conditions vary with type of microbe • Temperature • pH (acidity versus alkalinity) • Food • Moisture • Oxygen (for certain bacteria)

  7. Factors influencing growth • Conditions vary all over human body • All microbes need food and moisture to survive • Most pathogens prefer warm, dark environment • Only few tolerate acidic environment (low pH) • Some live only in presence of O2: aerobic • Others grow in absence of O2: anaerobic • Some consume only living matter tissues • Others prefer dead matter tissues • Altering living environment is a way to destroy

  8. Methods of Destruction • Three common practices used to prevent growth and spread of microorganisms: • Antiseptics • Disinfection • Sterilization

  9. Antiseptics • Solutions applied directly to skin • Prevent or slow down growth • Alcohol and betadine are often used • Not useful against all microorganisms

  10. Disinfection • Uses strong chemicals such as bleach solution and zephirin to kill many pathogens • Used mainly on objects and not on the skin because they may cause skin irritation and trauma • Disinfectants and antiseptics have limited effects against viruses and spores • Spores are cells produced by bacteria either to reproduce or to be resistant to a harsh environment

  11. Sterilization • Best way to kill all microbes and their spores • Autoclave is used to sterilize medical instruments • Uses steam under pressure • Other methods include use of chemicals, radiation, and gas • Not all microbes require sterilization to become nontoxic or non-pathogenic, many microbes can be eliminated by disinfecting procedures

  12. Types of Microorganisms • Microorganisms are tiny living plants or animals • The five major types are: • Bacteria • Fungi • Protozoa • Rickettsiae (parasites) • Viruses

  13. Bacteria • Most familiar of microbes that infect humans • One-celled plants classified by shape and arrangement • Diseases such as strep throat and pneumonia are caused by form of bacteria • Can be categorized according to how arranged; arrangement is way to identify exact species

  14. Bacteria http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/PathogenDescriptions/StreptococcusImages.htm • Some are: • Round – cocci • Streptococci – chains • Staphlococci – in groups or clusters • Diplococci – in pairs • Micrococci Strep Staph

  15. Bacteria • Some are: • Rod-shaped – bacilli • In pairs, single or in chains • Flagella – tail Salmonella http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/mbiology/ug/ugteach/icu8/uti/gnb.html

  16. Bacteria • Some are: • Spiral, or corkscrew-shaped – spirilla • Vibrios • Spirochetes Which picture is yogurt? http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/201L/CellTypes/ http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/201L/CellTypes/

  17. Fungi • Also contribute to illness • Is a plantlike organism that lives on dead matter • Responsible for conditions such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, and yeast infections Say “ahhh…” http://www.swedishmedical.org/PERT/images/thrush.jpg

  18. Protozoa • Tiny animals found in contaminated water supplies • Microorganisms that cause diseases such as malaria, trichomoniasis, and amebic dysentery http://www.mblwhoilibrary.org/exhibits/leuckart/virtual_tour/images/protoza_large13.jpg

  19. Rickettsiae • Parasites that must live inside cells of other living organisms • One type of bacteria • Diseases caused by these microbes are transmitted to humans by the animal parasite inhabits, such as fleas, lice, and ticks • Humans bitten by infected insect may contract diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, or Typhus

  20. Viruses • Smallest of all microorganisms • Only be seen through electron microscope • Difficult to destroy • Grow and reproduce only inside other living cells • Humans are infected by contact with other living beings • Spread by contact with blood and body fluids • Diseases associated with viruses are common cold, chickenpox, herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS • Health care workers are at great risk of being exposed to blood and body fluids – PPE!

  21. Video Clips • Various microscopic clips from Microbiologybytes.com • 13 Minute video clip about 1918 flu from PBS.org

More Related