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Waves. Physics Ms. Shaver. Coyle, Greece 2005, North Aegean Sea. Wave Topics. Waves and their characteristics Velocity of a wave Types of waves. Oscillation. Object moves back and forth about an equilibrium position. Pulse: A single disturbance travelling through a medium.
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Waves PhysicsMs. Shaver Coyle, Greece 2005, North Aegean Sea
Wave Topics • Waves and their characteristics • Velocity of a wave • Types of waves
Oscillation • Object moves back and forth about an equilibrium position.
Pulse: A single disturbance travelling through a medium. http://www.dacc.edu/~qchen/P102/labs/LAB5.HTM
Wave Train (Travelling Wave or simply wave): • A series of pulses at regular intervals. http://micromachine.stanford.edu/~hopcroft/Research/resonator_images/sin_mov1.gif
Wave on a String • (Applet) http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/wave-on-a-string/wave-on-a-string_en.html
Displacement vs Distance Traveled Crest Trough
Speed of a Wave, v v= d/t v = l/T v =lf
Types of Waves • Transverse • Longitudinal
Transverse The particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation (ex: waves along a string, electromagnetic waves).
Example: S Earthquake Wave http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/waves/Swave_files/image001.gif
Longitudinal Waves • The particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation (ex: sound)
Torsional Waves • A 2D transverse wave that twists along a given medium. • Video link on Web : Collapse of Takoma Narrows Bridge, Washington State, 1940 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shX4Q0QV8VI
Elliptical Waves Result when longitudinal and transverse waves are superpositioned. (ex: surface water waves)
Ocean Wave http://www.pa.uky.edu/~crawford/phy361_sp10/home.html
Note • Waves transfer of energy from one point to another. • Waves do not transfer matter.
Types of Waves • MechanicalWaves • Electromagnetic Waves
Mechanical Waves require a medium. Examples: • Water waves( Tsunami) • Sound waves (v= 340 m/sec in air but varies for different media) • Earthquake waves
Electromagnetic Waves do not require a medium and can travel through the empty space (vacuum). Example: • Light from the sun travels through space and reaches us. Note: All EM waves have a speed through vacuum of 3 x 108 m/sec.
Problem 1 • What is the distance a sound wave in air traveled in 2 sec? • Speed of sound = 340 m/s in air • Answer: 680m v = d/t 340 m/s = d/2 s 2 s * 340 m/s = 680 m
Problem 2 • What is the frequency of a light wave of wave length 550x 10-9 m? • Answer: 5.5 x 10 14 Hz v = λf 3 x 108 m/s = 550 x 10-9 m * f f = 3 x 108 m/s / 550 x 10-9 = 5.5 x 1014 Hz
Problem 3 • A SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) sends a signal to the bottom of the ocean. The speed of sound in water is 1435 m/s. If the signal echo returned in 0.4 sec, how deep was the water? • Answer: 287m V = d/t 1435 m/s = d / 0.4s D = 574 m Distance here is the distance to the bottom and back, so divide by two to get the water depth: 574 m/ 2 = 287 m.