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1. Clients or post-operative patients, high load and high intensity workouts may not be clinically suitable. Blood Flow Limitation (BFR) training is a technique that integrates low strength workout with blood circulation occlusion that produces comparable results to high strength training. It has been utilized in the health club setting for some time but it is getting appeal in medical settings. Blood Flow Constraint (BFR) Training [edit modify source] BFR training was initially established in the 1960's in Japan and called KAATSU training. It can be applied to either the upper or lower limb. The cuff is then pumped up to a particular pressure with the aim of acquiring partial arterial and total venous occlusion. Muscle hypertrophy is the boost in size of the muscle as well as a boost of the protein material within the fibers. Muscle tension and metabolic tension are the two main elements responsible for muscle hypertrophy. The activation of myogenic stem cells and the raised anabolic hormonal agents result in protein metabolism and as such muscle hypertrophy can happen. Insulin-like growth aspect and development hormonal agent are responsible for increased collagen synthesis after exercise and help muscle healing. Growth hormone itself does not directly cause muscle hypertrophy however it helps muscle healing and consequently possibly assists in the muscle enhancing process. The build-up of lactate and hydrogen ions (eg in hypoxic training) more boosts the release of development hormone. Myostatin controls and prevents cell development in muscle tissue. It needs to be essentially shut down for muscle hypertrophy to take place. Resistance training results in the compression of capillary within the muscles being trained. This triggers an hypoxic environment due to a reduction in oxygen delivery to the muscle. This leads to a boost in anaerobic lactic metabolism and the production of lactate. When there is blood pooling and a build-up of metabolites cell swelling happens. This swelling within the cells triggers an anabolic reaction and leads to muscle hypertrophy. The cell swelling may actually cause mechanical stress which will then trigger the myogenic stem cells as discussed above. The cuff is positioned proximally to the muscle being workout and low strength exercises can then be carried out. Since the outflow of blood is restricted utilizing the cuff capillary blood that has a low oxygen material gathers and there is a boost in protons and lactic acid. The exact same physiological adaptations to the muscle (eg release of hormonal agents, hypoxia and cell swelling) will occur throughout the BFR training and low strength exercise as would take place with high strength workout. ( 1) Low intensity BFR (LI-BFR) leads to a boost in the water content of the muscle cells (cell swelling). It also speeds up the recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers. It is likewise hypothesized that once the cuff is removed a hyperemia (excess of blood in the blood vessels) will form and this will cause further cell swelling. These boosts were similar to gains acquired as a result of high-intensity workout without BFR A research study

2. comparing (1) high strength, (2) low strength, (3) high and low intensity with BFR and (4) low strength with BFR. While all 4 workout programs produced increases in torque, muscle activations and muscle endurance over a 6 week duration - the high intensity (group 1) and BFR (groups 3 and 4) produced the greatest effect size and were similar to each other.