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1. Patients or post-operative patients, high load and high intensity workouts may not be clinically suitable. It has actually been used in the health club setting for some time but it is acquiring appeal in scientific settings. BFR training was at first developed in the 1960's in Japan and understood as KAATSU training. It can be used to either the upper or lower limb. The cuff is then inflated to a specific pressure with the aim of obtaining partial arterial and complete venous occlusion. Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in size of the muscle as well as a boost of the protein content within the fibers. Muscle stress and metabolic tension are the 2 main aspects accountable for muscle hypertrophy. Mechanical Stress & Metabolic Tension [modify edit source] When a muscle is positioned under mechanical tension, the concentration of anabolic hormonal agent levels increase. The activation of myogenic stem cells and the raised anabolic hormonal agents lead to protein metabolism and as such muscle hypertrophy can happen. Insulin-like development aspect and development hormonal agent are accountable for increased collagen synthesis after exercise and aids muscle recovery. Growth hormone itself does not straight cause muscle hypertrophy but it aids muscle recovery and consequently potentially facilitates the muscle enhancing procedure. The accumulation of lactate and hydrogen ions (eg in hypoxic training) further boosts the release of development hormone. Myostatin controls and inhibits cell growth in muscle tissue. It requires to be basically closed down for muscle hypertrophy to happen. Resistance training results in the compression of blood vessels within the muscles being trained. This causes an hypoxic environment due to a decrease in oxygen delivery to the muscle. This causes an increase in anaerobic lactic metabolic process and the production of lactate. When there is blood pooling and a build-up of metabolites cell swelling happens. This swelling within the cells causes an anabolic response and leads to muscle hypertrophy. The cell swelling may really cause mechanical stress which will then activate the myogenic stem cells as talked about above. The cuff is positioned proximally to the muscle being exercise and low strength exercises can then be performed. Since the outflow of blood is limited using the cuff capillary blood that has a low oxygen content gathers and there is an increase in protons and lactic acid. The exact same physiological adjustments to the muscle (eg release of hormonal agents, hypoxia and cell swelling) will take location throughout the BFR training and low strength workout as would accompany high intensity exercise. ( 1) Low intensity BFR (LI-BFR) results in a boost in the water content of the muscle cells (cell swelling). It also accelerates the recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers. It is likewise assumed that as soon as the cuff is gotten rid of a hyperemia (excess of blood in the capillary) will form and this will trigger more cell swelling. These boosts were similar to gains obtained as an outcome of high-intensity workout without BFR A study comparing (1) high strength, (2) low intensity, (3) high and low strength with BFR and (4) low intensity with BFR.

2. While all 4 exercise programs produced increases in torque, muscle activations and muscle endurance over a 6 week period - the high strength (group 1) and BFR (groups 3 and 4) produced the greatest effect size and were equivalent to each other.