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Drawing Lewis Structures and Molecular Shape Essentials

Learn to draw Lewis structures, count valence electrons, distribute electrons, understand molecular shapes, sigma and pi bonds, hybrid orbitals, and more in this comprehensive guide to molecular structure and isomers.

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Drawing Lewis Structures and Molecular Shape Essentials

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  1. Chapter 9 Directions for drawing Lewis Structures: 1. Draw skeleton structure 2. Count valence electrons – add or subtract if charged 3. Deduct 2 electrons for each single bond then distribute remaining electrons to complete octet rule Molecular Structure

  2. Lewis-Electron Dot Diagram .. H-N-H H Shared pairs Unshared pairs Electron pair repulsion- electron pairs spread as far apart as possible to minimize repulsive forces.

  3. Hybrid Orbitals carbon sp3 hybrid orbitals Sigma Bonds- 2 orbitals form a bond which lies directly on the bond axis. σ Pi Bond- If 2 p orbitals overlap along an axis in an end-to-end fashion, a sigma bond forms. If 2 p orbitals overlap sideways a pi bond is formed. π ethene Double Bond- 2 pairs of electrons are shared between the bonding atoms

  4. Triple Bond 1 sigma bond 2 pi bonds Multiple bonds are: * less flexible * shorter * stronger Unsaturated / Saturated

  5. Single Bonds: -ane Double Bonds: -ene Triple Bonds: -yne Multiple Bonds Molecular Shape

  6. H2 HCl O3 AlH3 H2CO PFs SeF4 I F3 XeCl2 lCl5 C2H2 L.S. B.A. Shape Polar?

  7. Benzene: C6H6 delocalizedπ electrons results in greater stability ……………………………. Isomers: 2 or more substances with the same molecular formula but different structures Structural Geometric

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